Journal of Forest Science, 2006 (vol. 52), Special Issue
Forest soil acidification in the Czech Republic
E. Klimo, J. Materna, V. Lochman, J. Kulhavý
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S14-S22 | DOI: 10.17221/10155-JFS 
Damage to forest stands and their decline in the Czech Republic evoked a necessity to elucidate the function of soil in these processes. Main factors affecting acidification of forest soils are assessed in the paper. On the one hand, it refers to natural factors such as properties of soil-forming substrates and species composition of forest stands, on the other hand, to the effects of anthropogenic character such as influences of man-made spruce monocultures and effects of acid depositions. Special attention is paid to the development of forest soils in the Krušné hory Mts., where the effects of acid depositions are highest.
Factors influencing distribution of different Al forms in forest soils of the Jizerské hory Mts.
L. Mládková, L. Borůvka, O. Drábek, R. Vašát
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S87-S92 | DOI: 10.17221/10165-JFS
Soil acidification processes are the main factor influencing the distribution of different Al forms in forest soils. The intensity of these processes is given by different stand conditions and anthropic activity. This paper describes the influence of four selected stand factors on the distribution of basic soil characteristics and two Al forms in forest soils of the Jizerské hory Mts. Altitude, liming, soil type and forest cover type are studied as selected factors. Distribution of most soil characteristics in the organic horizon, including organically bound Al, is influenced by the altitude. Distribution of mobile Al form is mainly influenced by liming....
Influence of wood ash recycling on chemical and biological condition of forest Arenosols
R. Ozolincius, K. Armolaitis, A. Raguotis, I. Varnagiryte, J. Zenkovaite
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S79-S86 | DOI: 10.17221/10164-JFS
The investigations were conducted in the frame of EU Research project Wood for Energy - a Contribution to the Development of Sustainable Forest Management (2001-2005). The integrated wood ash experiment was set up in a 38-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand on Arenosols in SW part of Lithuania. Raw (not hardened) wood ash and nitrogen fertilizers were applied in 6 variants: 1.25 t ash/ha; 2.5 t ash/ha; 5.0 t ash/ha; 180 kg N/ha; 2.5 t ash + 180 kg N/ha and control (no treatment). The changes of soil pH, the content of some nutrients, heavy metals in Arenosols and soil solution, the abundance of ammonifiers, nitrifiers...
Fertilization of spruce monocultures in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy
J. Remeš, V. V. Podrázský
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S73-S78 | DOI: 10.17221/10163-JFS
Long-term fertilization effects were evaluated including NPK, Ca and N applications at the lower altitudes. The studied localities are in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy, at an altitude of 300-500 m a.s.l., sites of beech-oak-fir types. Fertilizers were used in 1965-1967, the evaluation of soil condition was done in 1967 (before fertilization) and 2002. After 25-35 years, only low effects of fertilization are detectable in the humus forms and complex soil profile - surface humus accumulation, soil chemistry, as well as nutrient contents. Complex fertilization was reflected in higher site fertility in general,...
Fertilizing measures to decrease Norway spruce yellowing
B. Lomský, V. Šrámek, M. Maxa
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S65-S72 | DOI: 10.17221/10162-JFS
At the end of nineties, within the mountain forests of the Krušné hory Mts., in connection with an increased acid deposition, the symptoms (yellowing) started to be visible, characterizing magnesium deficiency in the assimilation organs, when Mg contents were laying under 300 mg/kg. In mineral soil the Mg content is mostly less than 10 mg/kg. Contents of other basic elements (Ca, K) were also very low. During four years yellowing symptoms of the spruce stands have developed in an extent area of more that 10,000 ha. Since 1999, preventive measures have been adopted to improve the nutrition status of the forest stands. Liquid magnesium fertilizers as...
Fertilization as an ameliorative measure - examples of the research at the Faculty of Forestry and Environment CUA in Prague
V. V. Podrázský
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S58-S64 | DOI: 10.17221/10161-JFS
Fertilization represents a measure, used as exceptional treatment managing forest stands and ecosystems as a whole. It is used since the beginning of the 20th century worldwide, starting in the Central Europe. The beginnings were on empirical basis, later on, the scientific background was developed profoundly. Several forms and methods, as well as aims are topical at present: - Since the beginning, restoration of degraded sites and amelioration of primarily extreme soils was the aim. In the poorest regions, e.g. in the NE Germany, different means were used to increase site productivity and stability. Also in the Czech countries, amelioration...
Fertilizing and liming in a heather area of Norway
K. J. Erstad
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S52-S57 | DOI: 10.17221/10160-JFS
In a 6 years' field experiment in a podzolized heather area in Norway the effects of liming and P and Cu fertilization were tested versus changes in vegetation and soil chemistry. The vegetation altered slowly, particularly the woody species, but pronounced over years. Liming had a positive effect on all species except Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus, P tended to favour all except V. myrtillus, and Cu promoted all except Nardus stricta, V. oliginosum and V. myrtillus. Surface spreading of liming material and fertilizers caused distinct lime, phosphorus and...
Effect of forest liming in the Western Krušné hory Mts.
V. Šrámek, J. Materna, R. Novotný, V. Fadrhonsová
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S45-S51 | DOI: 10.17221/10159-JFS
In May 31, 2000, the Government of the Czech Republic, has adopted the Decision No. 532, assigning the minister of agriculture to realize liming and fertilizing in the Krušné hory Mts. and Orlické hory Mts. Based on the decision, in 2000-2003, liming of forest stands was done, at the area of 34,000 ha. Changes of soil and leaf chemistry two years after liming were studied in the Western Krušné hory Mts., Forest administration Horní Blatná. Slight pH increase layer was stated both in the humus layer, and in upper horizons of mineral soil. Increased contents of calcium and magnesium, same as nitrogen and potassium were also recorded. Content of basic...
Experiences with liming in European countries - results of long-term experiments
W. Schaaf, R. F. Hüttl
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S35-S44 | DOI: 10.17221/10158-JFS
Liming was and still is carried out in many European forests since the beginning of the 1980s. Main objectives of compensation liming is to neutralize actual acidic deposition in order to prevent further soil acidification, to increase base saturation and acid buffering capacity of the soil. This paper evaluates results from long-term liming experiments throughout Europe using different amounts and forms of liming materials. Differences in forest ecosystem reaction to liming can be caused by amount, form and frequency of the application, and by the solubility, reaction kinetics, contents and composition of the material used. Furthermore, other factors...
Status of soil acidification in North America
M. E. Fenn, T. G. Huntington, S. B. Mclaughlin, C. Eagar, A. Gomez, R. B. Cook
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S3-S13 | DOI: 10.17221/10152-JFS
Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur are of concern because of leaching of base cations, increased availability of soil Al, and the accumulation and ultimate transmission of acidity from forest soils to streams. Losses of calcium from forest soils and forested watersheds have now been documented as a sensitive early indicator and a functionally significant...
Effect of controlled liming on the soil chemistry on the immission clear-cut
V. V. Podrázský
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S28-S34 | DOI: 10.17221/10157-JFS
Results obtained during 14 years of the experiment are presented. Extreme site conditions are determined by: 8th vegetation altitudinal zone, podzolic soil and hard climate - average annual temperature 4°C, average annual precipitation around 1,200 mm. Effects of surface experimental liming were studied on immission clear-cuts in long time period, study area is located on the Velká Deštná locality on the main Orlické hory Mts. range. Research plots were established and the basic survey was done in spring of 1988, studies of liming effects were performed in the period 1987-2002. On particular plots, 0, 1,308, 2,826, 3,924 and 8,478 kg/ha...
Acidification of forest soils in Slovakia - causes and consequences
V. Pichler, E. Bublinec, J. Gregor
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S23-S27 | DOI: 10.17221/10156-JFS
In Slovakia, soil acidification remains an environmental and forestry related issue despite a sharp decrease in the S02. Recent monitoring of critical acid loads of Slovak forests show that around one third of Slovak forests are directly affected by acidification. In this situation, an increased biomass extraction from forests for energy generation purposes, considered by some decision-makers, poses a serious threat to geobiochemical cycles and may further aggravate the effect of the emissions on soils. In other parts of the country however, the drop in pH value means a soil degradation in sense of soil forming processes rather than in reference to...
Suitability of pine bark to evaluate pollution caused by cement-lime dust
A. Świercz
J. For. Sci., 2006, 52(20):S93-S98 | DOI: 10.17221/10166-JFS
The aim of this paper is to show the application of pine bark to indicate the level of air contamination by cement-lime dust and to determine the impact range of cement plants. The pine bark was analyzed in the forested formed around three cement plants in the Świętokrzyski administrative district (South of Poland). The test results were compared with the results gained from the controlled forested areas, free from alkali contamination. The strongly alkali areas show high pHH2O of bark in the range of 7.2-8.5 and low coefficient of change v% = 2.2. The pine bark values of pHH2O in the alkali areas are on average 2.5 times as high...