J. For. Sci., 2011, 57(6):250-258 | DOI: 10.17221/16/2010-JFS

Earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages of forest ecosystems in the anthropogenically

P. Švarc, E. Kula
Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

Assemblages of earthworms were evaluated in spruce and beech stands in the Kienhaida Nature Reserve (Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic) and its immediate surroundings, where site conditions were modified by the soil preparation for forest regeneration. The beech stands of the reserve showed low diversity but higher earthworm abundance than did the spruce stands, which in turn showed the lowest Lumbricidae abundance (18 individuals.m-2). The highest abundance of earthworms (124 individuals.m-2) was found in the soil of mounds created 30 years prior to sampling from the organic soil of the Ah horizon. The highest species diversity and low abundance were characteristic of areas between the mounds, the soil surface of which was greatly disturbed after removal of the Ah horizon to create those mounds. The degree to which the reforested clear-cuts created due to air pollution were overgrown with weeds contributed positively to the diversity and abundance of Lumbricidae.

Keywords: forest ecosystems; Kienhaida Nature Reserve; Krušné hory Mts.; Lumbricidae; reforestation procedures

Published: June 30, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Švarc P, Kula E. Earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages of forest ecosystems in the anthropogenically. J. For. Sci. 2011;57(6):250-258. doi: 10.17221/16/2010-JFS.
Download citation

References

  1. Abrahamsen G. (1972): Ecological study of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta) in Norwegian coniferous forest soils. Pedobiologia, 12: 267-281. Go to original source...
  2. Balcar V., Pěnička L., Slodičák M., Navrátil P., Smejkal J. (2008): Substitute tree species stands and their threat due to biotic and abiotic factors. In: Slodičák M., Balcar V., Novák J., Šrámek V. et al.: Lesnické hospodaření v Krušných horách. Hradec Králové, Edice Grantové služby LČR: 121-142. (in Czech)
  3. Bengtsson G., Gunnarsson T., Rundgren S. (1986): Effects of metal pollution on the earthworm Dendrobaena rubida (Sav.) in acidified soils. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 28: 361-383. Go to original source...
  4. Castin-Buchet V., André P. (1998): The influence of intensive thinning on earthworm populations in the litters of Norway spruce and Douglas fir. Pedobiologia, 42: 63-70.
  5. ČSN 72 1110 (1959): Basic Procedures of the Analysis of Silicates. Praha, Ústav pro normalizaci. (in Czech)
  6. Eggleton P., Inward K., Smith J., Jones D.T., Scherlock E. (2009): A six year study of earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations in pasture woodland in southern England shows their responses to soil temperature and soil moisture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41: 1857-1865. Go to original source...
  7. Enckell P.H., Rundgren S. (1988): Anthropochorous earthworms (Lumbricidae) as indicators of abandoned settlements in the Faroe Islands. Journal Archaeological Science, 15: 439-451. Go to original source...
  8. Heliovaara K., Vaisanen R. (1984): Effects of modern forestry on northwestern European forest invertebrates: a synthesis. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 189: 1-32. Go to original source...
  9. Hendrix P.F., Mueller B.R., Langdale G.W., Parmelee R.W. (1992): Abundance and distribution of earthworms in relation to landscape factors on the Georgia Piedmont, USA. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24: 1357-1361. Go to original source...
  10. Houšková L. (1991): Importance of the soil fauna for the bioindication of chemical pollution. [Ph.D. Thesis.] Brno, Masarykova univerzita Brno: 113. (in Czech)
  11. Huhta V. (1976): Effects of clear-cutting on numbers, biomass and community respiration of soil invertebrates. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 13: 63-80.
  12. Huhta V., Karppinen E., Nurminen M., Valpas A. (1967): Effect of silvicultural practices upon arthropod, annelid and nematode populations in coniferous forest soil. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4: 87-143.
  13. Huhta V., Hyvönen R., Koskenniemi A., Vilkamaa P., Kaasalainen P., Sulander M. (1986): Response of soil fauna to fertilization and manipulation of pH in coniferous forests. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 195: 1-30. Go to original source...
  14. ISO/Dis 10390 (1992): Soil Quality - Determination of pH. International Organization for Standardization.
  15. Kooijman A.M., Emmer I.M., Fanta J., Sevink J. (2000): Natural regeneration potential of the degraded Krkonose forests. Land Degradation and Development, 11: 459-473. Go to original source...
  16. Kubelka L., Karásek A., Rybář V., Badalík V., Slodičák M. (1992): Forest Regeneration in Area Damage by Pollution in NE Krušné hory Mts. Praha, MZe ČR: 133. (in Czech)
  17. Kula E. (2009): Soil and Epigeous Fauna of Sites Affected by Liming and Their Dynamics. 1. Ed. Hradec Králové, Edice Grantové služby LČR: 438. (in Czech)
  18. Kula E., Matoušek D. (2004): Comments to occurrence of earthworms in birch stands in east Ore Mountains and Decin Sandstone Upland. In: Novák J., Slodičák M. (eds): Výsledky lesnického výzkumu v Krušných horách v roce 2003. Sborník z celostátní konference, Teplice 22. 4. 2004. Opočno, VÚLHM: 239-244. (in Czech)
  19. Kulhavý J., Šrámek V., Lomský B., Fiala P., Matějka K., Borůvka L., Menšík L. (2008): Condition of forest soils in the Krušné hory Mts. In: Slodičák M., Balcar V., Novák J., Šrámek V. et al.: Lesnické hospodaření v Krušných horách. Hradec Králové, Edice Grantové služby LČR: 71-98. (in Czech)
  20. Losos B., Gulička J., Lellák J., Pelikán J. (1984): Animal Ecology. Praha, SPN: 320. (in Czech)
  21. Meloun M., Militký J., Hill M. (2005): Computer Analysis of Multidimensional Data. Praha, Academia: 450. (in Czech)
  22. Nordström S., Rundgren S. (1974): Environmetal factors and lumbricid associations in southern Sweden. Pedobiologia, 14: 1-27. Go to original source...
  23. Novák K. (1969): Method of Insect Sampling and Conservation. Praha, Academia: 243. (in Czech)
  24. Persson T., Hyvönen R., Lundkvist H. (1987): Influence of acidification and liming on nematodes and oligochates in two coniferous forests. In: Striganova B.R. (ed.): Soilfauna and Soil Fertility. Proceedings of the 9th International Colloquium in Soil Zoology. Moscow, August 1985: 191-196.
  25. Pižl V. (1991a): Research into Coenoses of Soil Organisms and Changes of the Soil Chemism in Pollution-Stressed Areas as Exemplified by the Giant Mountains. České Budějovice, Ústav půdní biologie ČAV: 60.
  26. Pižl V. (1991b): Communities of Soil Organisms in Selected Forest Ecosystems with the Various Degree of Damage Due to Air Pollution and Acid Precipitation. Brno, VŠZ: 28.
  27. Pižl V. (1995): Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in man-impacted mountain forest soils. In: Matějka K. (ed.): Investigation of the Forest Ecosystems and of Forest Damage. Prague, IDS: 178-185.
  28. Pižl V. (1998): Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of the Krkonoše Mts. In: Sarosiek J., Štursa J.: Geoekologiczne problemy Karkonoszy: materiały z sesji naukowej w Przesiece. 15.-18. October 1997. Acarus, Poznań: 115-120. (in Czech)
  29. Pižl V. (2001): The present condition of knowledge of earthworms (Lumbricidae) in the Bohemian Forest. In: Mánek J. (ed.): Sborník konference Aktuality šumavského výzkumu, Srní 2.-4. 4. 2001. Vimperk, Správa CHKO a NP Šumava: 180-184.
  30. Pižl V. (2002a): Earthworms of the Czech Republic. Sborník přírodovědeckého klubu v Uherském Hradišti, 9 (Suppl.): 1-154. (in Czech)
  31. Pižl V. (2002b): Earthworms (Lumbricidae) of the Novohrady Mountains. In: Papáček M. (ed.): Biodiverzita a přírodní podmínky Novohradských hor. České Budějovice, 10.-11. 1. 2002. České Budějovice, Jihočeská univerzita a Entomologický ústav AV ČR: 149-152. (in Czech)
  32. Pižl V., Starý J., Tajovský K. (2004): The inventory of communities of soil fauna. In: Janáčková H., Štorkánová A. (eds): The Methodology of Inventory Surveys of Specially Protected Areas. Praha, Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR: 121-160. (in Czech)
  33. Podrázský V. (2001): Potential and possibilities of liming and/or fertilisation use in the Krušné hory (Ore) Mts. Region In: Slodičák M., Novák J. (eds): Výsledky lesnického výzkumu v Krušných horách. Opočno, VÚLHM: 41-47.
  34. Podrázský V. (2006): Effect of controlled liming on the soil chemistry on the immission clear-cut. Journal of Forest Science, 52 (Special Issue): 28-34. Go to original source...
  35. Pontégnie M., du Bus de Warnaffe G., Lebrun P. (2005): Impacts of silvicultural practices on the structure of hemi-edaphic macrofauna community. Pedobiologia, 49: 199-210. Go to original source...
  36. Rundgren S. (1994): Earthworms and soil remediation: liming of acidic coniferous forest soils in Southern Sweden. Pedobiologia, 38: 519-529.
  37. Šach F. (1992): Degradation of forest soils at mechanical site preparation endangering soil and water conservation function of forests. Lesnictví-Forestry, 38: 170-186.
  38. Šach F. (1995): Mechanized site preparation in the Krušné hory Mts. and soil erosion. Práce VÚLHM, 80: 65-80.
  39. Satchell J.E., Lowe D.G. (1967): Selection of leaf litter by Lumbricus terrestris, in soil organisms. In: Graff O., Satchell J.E. (eds): Progress in Soil Biology. Friedrich Braunschweig, Vieweg and Sohn: 102-119.
  40. Slodičák M., Balcar V., Novák J., Šrámek V. (2008): Forestry management in the Krušné hory Mts. Hradec Králové, Edice Grantové služby LČR: 478. (in Czech)
  41. Smejkal J. (2000): The plan of care in the proposed nature reserve "Kienhaida Beech Wood". Jablonec nad Nisou, ÚHÚL: 1-3.
  42. StatSoft (2007): STATISTICA Cz (softwarový systém pro analýzu dat). Verze 8.0. Available at www.statsoft.cz
  43. Tajovský K., Pižl V. (2003): Soil macrofauna in mountain spruce forest of the Šumava Mts. as affected by selective tree cutting. In: Karas J. (ed.): Sborník konference Vliv hospodářských zásahů a spontánní dynamiky porostů na stav lesních ekosystémů, Kostelec nad Černými lesy, 20.-21. 11. 2003. Praha, ČZU: 9. (in Czech)
  44. TerBraak C.J.F., Šmilauer P. (2002): Canoco Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (Version 4.5). Ithaca, Microcomputer Power: 500.
  45. Theenhaus A., Schaefer M. (1995): The effects of clearcutting and liming on the soil macrofauna of a beech forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 77: 35-51. Go to original source...
  46. Tuf I.H., Tvardík D. (2005): Heat extractor indispensable tool for soil zoological studies. In: Tajovský K., Schlaghamerský J., Pižl V. (eds): Contribution to Soil Zoology in Central Europe I. České Budějovice, Institute of Soil Biology ASČR: 191-194.
  47. Vavříček D. (2003): The present state at sites with overall bulldozer and excavator soil preparation from the aspect of their revitalization in the 7th FAZ of the Krušné hory Mts. (2003). In: Slodičák M., Novák J. (eds): Results of Forest Research in the Krušné hory Mts. in 2002. Jíloviště-Strnady, Forest Research Institute: 9-24. (in Czech)
  48. Vavříček D. (2007): Revitalization of the soil environment of mounds in the 7th Forest Vegetation Zone of the Ore Mountains with the proposal of other measures for forest regeneration. Výzkumný projekt Grantové služby LČR, MZLU v Brně: 25.
  49. Vrba V., Huleš L. (2007): Humus soil plant (10). Methods of the application of liquid humus preparations under field conditions. Available at http://biom.cz/cz/odborne-clanky/humus-puda-rostlina-10-zpusoby-aplikace-kapalnychhumusovych-preparatu-v-polnich-podminkach (Accessed on 11. 3. 2011)
  50. Wallwork J. A. (1976): The Distribution and Diversity of Soil Fauna. London, Academic Press: 355.
  51. Wilcke D. (1940): Untersuchungen zur Kenntniss der Lumbriciden-Fauna Schlesiens. Gesellschaft Naturforschende Freunde Berlin, 46: 220-230.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.