J. For. Sci., 2021, 67(12):570-581 | DOI: 10.17221/77/2021-JFS

Impact of different factors degrading cork oak stands in the Mediterranean region: A case study from AlgeriaOriginal Paper

Salah Eddine Younsi ORCID...*,1,2, Yasmine Adjami1, Rym Ghanem1, Billel Bouchaib1, Mohamed Laid Ouakid1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Med Seddik Ben Yahia University of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria

In recent years, the cork oak forests that characterise the Mediterranean region have been exposed to various factors that result in their degradation. These cork oak trees, due to increasingly accentuated anthropogenic activity, undergo withering at different scales.The objective of the study is to assess the impact of various factors that degrade cork oak forests in the Mediterranean region located in northeastern Algeria, and this was achieved by prospecting 22 sampling locations. This allowed the creation of a database containing 745 trees that were observed and 27 measured variables. Different readings were then taken into consideration based on measurements and sometimes on ratings. The impact of several biotic and abiotic factors, which affect and damage the health of cork oak, was identified. These factors include in particular the infestations by xylomycetophagous insects such as Platypus cylindrus and Xyleborus sp., which can potentially infest the cork oak trees that we observed one year after bark harvesting. On the other hand, the stationary descriptors such as altitude, slope, exposure, etc., are important for the dendrometric and exploitation characteristics, but their unfavourable values do not necessarily lead to tree mortality; for example, medium to low slopes, associated with average altitudes of 600 m a.s.l., may ensure the healthiest trees like in our case study. Finally, we were able to find that certain decline factors may affect a particular category of trees, either because they are older, taller or have a large girth, or because they are subject to inadequate debarking.

Keywords: Algeria; Quercus suber L.; dieback factors; phytosanitary constraints; insect pests

Published: December 17, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Younsi SE, Adjami Y, Ghanem R, Bouchaib B, Ouakid ML. Impact of different factors degrading cork oak stands in the Mediterranean region: A case study from Algeria. J. For. Sci. 2021;67(12):570-581. doi: 10.17221/77/2021-JFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Adjami Y., Ghanem R., Daas H., Ouakid M.L., Villar J., Bairi A. (2016): Influence of carpophagous attack on metabolites of cork oak (Quercus suber) acorns. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 17: 51-57. Go to original source...
    2. Avila J.M., Linares J.C., García-Nogales A., Sánchez M.E., Gómez-Aparicio L. (2017): Across-scale patterning of plant-soil-pathogen interactions in Quercus suber decline. European Journal of Forest Research, 136: 677-688. Go to original source...
    3. Barros M.C., Mateus F., Rodrigues J.M.G. (2002): The main regions of cork oak decline in Portugal. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 25: 1-4.
    4. Becker M., Lévy G. (1982): Le dépérissement du chêne en forêt de Tronçais: Les causes écologiques. Annales des Sciences Forestieres, 39: 439-444. (in French) Go to original source...
    5. Belhoucine L., Bouhraoua R.T., Dahane B., Pujade-Villar J. (2011): Aperçu biologique du Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Platypodinae) dans les galeries du bois de chêne-liège (Quercus suber L.). Orsis: Organismes i Sistemes, 25: 105-120. (in French)
    6. Bénézit J.J. (1991): Dépérissement et gestion forestiere. Revue Forestière Française, 43: 109-118. (in French) Go to original source...
    7. Bonneau M., Landmann G., Roqueplo P. (1988): Le dépérissement des forêts en Europe. Recherche, 205: 1542-1556. (in French)
    8. Bouhraoua R.T. (2003): Situation sanitaire de quelques forêts de chêne-liège de l'Ouest Algérien: Etude particulière des problèmes posés par les insectes. [Ph.D. Thesis.] Tlemcen, University of Tlemcen.
    9. Bouhraoua R.T. (2013): L'oeuvre du reboisement de chêneliège en Algérie entre les contraintes écologiques et les exigences techniques. In: Journées techniques du liège dans le Var, Plan-de-la-Tour, Nov 21-22: 46. Available at: https://www.suberaievaroise.com/documents/04-%20BOUHRAOU%20Algerie.pdf (in French)
    10. Briens M., Garavaglia V. (2013): L'état des forêts méditerranéennes en 2013. Forêt Méditerranéenne, 34: 245-250. (in French)
    11. Cantat R., Piazzetta R. (2005): La levée du liège. Guide technique et de vulgarisation. Vives, Institut Méditerranéen du Liège: 23.
    12. Catry F.X., Moreira F., Duarte I., Acácio V. (2009): Factors affecting post-fire crown regeneration in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees. European Journal of Forest Research, 128: 231-240. Go to original source...
    13. Catry F.X., Moreira F., Pausas J.G., Fernandes P.M., Rego F., Cardillo E., Curt T. (2012): Cork oak vulnerability to fire: The role of bark harvesting, tree characteristics and abiotic factors. PLoS One, 7: e39810. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Catry F.X., Branco M., Cardoso M., Inácio V., Caetano J., Castanheira I., Rafael A., Sousa E. (2016): Bark and wood borer insects in cork oak forests after wildfire. In: World Congress Silvo-Pastoral Systems, Évora, Sept 27-30, 2016: 119.
    15. Catry F.X., Branco M., Sousa E., Caetano J., Naves P., Nóbrega F. (2017): Presence and dynamics of ambrosia beetles and other xylophagous insects in a Mediterranean cork oak forest following fire. Forest Ecology and Management, 404: 45-54. Go to original source...
    16. Daas H. (2015): Étude des subéraies de haute et moyenne montagne: État sanitaire et interaction des facteurs écologiques dans la forêt de Ouled Bechih (Souk-Ahras). [Ph.D. Thesis.] Annaba, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University. (in French)
    17. Daas H., Adjami Y., Ghanem R., Viñolas A., Ouakid M.L., Tahraoui A. (2016): Coleoptera inventory in cork oak stands of North-Eastern Algeria. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 17: 11-17. Go to original source...
    18. Delatour C. (1983): Le dépérissement de chênes en Europe. Biologie et Forêt, 35: 265-282. (in French) Go to original source...
    19. Desprez-Loustau M.L., Marçais B., Nageleisen L.M., Piou D. Vannini A. (2006): Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees. Annals of Forest Science, 63: 597-612. Go to original source...
    20. Doufène H. (1998): La crise subericole en Algérie et quelques perspectives de relance. Annales de l'INRGERF, 259: 42-47. (in French)
    21. FAO et Plan Bleu (2020): État des forêts méditerranéennes 2018. Rome, FAO et Plan Bleu: 363. (in French)
    22. Frank L., Torres M., Guenet B., Sirot J.M., Demougeot P. (2005): Inventaire sylvicole et étude phytosanitaire d'un massif forestier dans la région de Paimpont. Mémoire de Master EBE: 21. (in French)
    23. Garavaglia V., Besacier C. (2014). The state of Mediterranean forests in 2013. Unasylva, 242: 3-13.
    24. Ghanem R., Adjami Y., Daas H., Ouakid M.L., Pujade-Villar J. (2016): Inventory of galls in oaks (Quercus suber, Quercus faginea) in the east Algerian's forests. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 17: 7-10. Go to original source...
    25. Gil L., Varela M.C. (2008): Technical Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and use for Cork Oak (Quercus suber). Rome, Bioversity International: 6.
    26. Hamidi O., Touhami A.O., Benkirane R., Douira A. (2014): Élaboration d'un guide de santé des forêts relatif à la décision du déliègeage au niveau de la subéraie de la Mamora (Maroc). Journal of Applied Biosciences, 84: 7730-7739. (in French) Go to original source...
    27. Hasnaoui B. (1992): Chênaies du Nord de la Tunisie: Ecologie et régénération. [Ph.D. Thesis.] Marseille, University of Provence Aix-Marseille 1. (in French)
    28. Hasnaoui F., Zouaoui I., Boussaidi R., Ncibi R., Abbes CH., Hasnaoui B. (2018): The factors responsible for the decline of the cork-oak of Kroumirie (North West of Tunisia). Journal of New Sciences, Agriculture and Biotechnology, CIRS, 9: 3315-3328. (in French)
    29. Jamâa M.L.B., Sghaier T., M'nara S., Nouri M., Sellemi H. (2005): Le dépérissement du chêne-liège dans la subéraie de Béllif (Tunisie): caractérisation et évaluation de son impact sur l'accroissement du liège. Integrated Protection in Oak Forests, 28: 17-24. (in French)
    30. Kim H.N., Jin H.Y., Kwak M.J., Khaine I., You H.N., Lee T.Y., Ahn T.H., Woo S.Y. (2017): Why does Quercus suber species decline in Mediterranean areas? Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 10: 337-341. Go to original source...
    31. Landmann G. (1991): Dépérissement des forêts et pollution atmosphérique: bilan de cinq années de recherches (1985-1990) dans le cadre du Programme DEFORPA. Pollution atmosphérique, 33: 64-69. (in French)
    32. Landmann G. (1994): Concepts, définitions et caractéristiques générales des dépérissements forestiers. Revue Forestière Française, 46: 405-415. (in French) Go to original source...
    33. Luque J., Girbal J. (1989): Dieback of cork oak (Quercus suber) in Catalonia (NE Spain) caused by Botryosphaeria stevensii. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 19: 7-13. Go to original source...
    34. Marion J. (1956): Contribution á l'étude de la régénération du chêne liège par rejets de souches. Annales des Recherches Forestières Marocaines, 4: 26-61. (in French)
    35. Manion P.D. (1981): Tree Disease Concepts. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, Inc.: 402.
    36. Matias L., Abdelaziz M., Godoy O., Gómez-Aparicio L. (2019): Disentangling the climatic and biotic factors driving changes in the dynamics of Quercus suber populations across the species 'latitudinal range. Diversity and Distributions, 25: 524-535. Go to original source...
    37. Moricca S., Linaldeddu B.T., Ginetti B., Scanu B., Franceschini A., Ragazzi A. (2016): Endemic and emerging pathogens threatening cork oak trees: Management options for conserving a unique forest ecosystem. Plant Disease, 100: 2184-2193. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Nageleisen L.M. (2000): Evaluation de l'aspect des houppiers des essences feuillues en hiver. Brochure du Département Santé des Forêts - Echelon Technique Nord-Est (support informatique). Nancy, Département Santé des Forêts: 11. (in French)
    39. Papanastasis V.P. (2009): Grazing value of Mediterranean forests. In: Palahí M., Birot Y., Bravo F., Gorriz E. (eds): Modelling, Valuing and Managing Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems for Non-Timber Goods and Services, EFI Proceedings No. 57. Joensuu, European Forest Institute: 7-15.
    40. Plan Bleu (2009): State of the Environment and Development in the Mediterranean. Athens, UNEP/MAP-Plan Bleu: 200.
    41. Quézel P. (1976): Les chênes sclérophylles en région méditerranéenne. Les ressources biologiques. Options Méditerranéennes, 35: 25-29. (in French)
    42. Raffa K.F., Aukema B.H, Bentz B.J, Carroll A.L, Hicke J.A, Turner M.G, Romme W.H. (2008): Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience, 58: 501-517. Go to original source...
    43. Touhami I., Chirino E., Aouinti H., El Khorchani A., Elaieb M.T., Khaldi A., Nasr Z. (2020): Decline and dieback of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests in the Mediterranean basin: a case study of Kroumirie, Northwest Tunisia. Journal of Forestry Research, 31: 1461-1477. Go to original source...
    44. Vennetier M. (2012): Changement climatique et dépérissements forestiers: causes et conséquences. In: Corvol A. (ed.): Changement climatique et modification forestiere. Paris, Institut d'histoire modern et contemporaine: 50-62. (in French)
    45. Villemant C., Fraval A. (1993): La faune entomologique du chêne-liège en forêt de la Mamora (Maroc). Ecologia Mediterranea, 19: 89-98. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content