J. For. Sci., 2021, 67(5):195-203 | DOI: 10.17221/83/2020-JFS

Determination of standards of raw timber natural losses due to shrinkage at long-term dry storageOriginal Paper

Dalibor Šafařík, Petra Hlaváčková, David Březina ORCID...*
Department of Forest and Wood Product Economics and Policy, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

The aim of the article is to describe the issue of determining the characteristics and parameters of raw timber natural losses due to shrinkage at long-term storage, defining the theoretical basis for creating standards, and verify its finding by means of a case study in raw timber storing. This issue is very topical in forestry practice in the Czech Republic as well as in other countries. The lower and upper limits of the standards were calculated, and the proposed mean value was grouped according to woody plants that reflected the most frequent commercial usage with respect to subsequent processing. Subsequently, experimental verification was carried out on a representative sample of 2 209.99 m3 of raw timber of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ H. Karst.) at selected forest administrations. Furthermore, the article addresses the related accounting and tax issues of the standards of natural losses of raw timber. Currently, no legislation mandates an entity to establish standards.

Keywords: forestry; wood processing; economics; volume losses; natural loss standards; long-term storage; accounting; taxes

Published: May 12, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Šafařík D, Hlaváčková P, Březina D. Determination of standards of raw timber natural losses due to shrinkage at long-term dry storage. J. For. Sci. 2021;67(5):195-203. doi: 10.17221/83/2020-JFS.
Download citation

References

  1. Aziz K. (2015): Material Losses in Cost Accounting. Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/material-losses-costaccounting-khalid-aziz (Accessed Apr 23, 2020).
  2. Baronas R., Ivanaukas F., Juodeikienė I., Kajalavičius A. (2001): Modelling of moisture movement in wood during outdoor storage. Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control, 6: 3-14. Go to original source...
  3. Březinová H., Vácha P. (2019): Inventarizační rozdíly u zásob a dlouhodobého majetku. Available at http://nur.cz/interpretace/schvalene-interpretace/i-39-a (in Czech).
  4. Czech accounting standards (ČÚS) for business entities.
  5. CHMI (2020): Historická data - meteorologie a klimatologie. Available at https://www.chmi.cz/historicka-data/pocasi/uzemni-srazky (in Czech).
  6. Dušek J. (2018): Normy mank přirozených úbytků, úhynů zvířat a ztratného zásob, praktický návod s podklady na jejich určení. Prague, Grada Publishing: 176. (in Czech)
  7. Engelund E.T., Thygesen L.G., Svensson S., Hill C.A. (2013): A critical discussion of the physics of wood-water interactions. Wood Science and Technology, 47: 141-161. Go to original source...
  8. FAO (2010): Chapter 5: Productive functions of forest resources. In: Global Forest Resources Assessment: Main Report. Rome, FAO: 85-107.
  9. FAO, ITTO, United Nations (2020): Forest Product Conversion Factors. Rome, FAO, ITTO, United Nations: 70. Available at https://doi.org/10.4060/ca7952en Go to original source...
  10. Fonseca M.A. (2005): The Measurement of Roundwood: Methodologies and Conversion Ratio. Wallingford, CABI Publishing: 269. Go to original source...
  11. Gandelová L., Šlezingerová J., Horáček P. (2009): Nauka o dřevě. 3rd Ed. Brno, Mendel University in Brno: 176. (in Czech)
  12. Herbohn K., Herbohn J. (2006): International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41: What are the implication for reporting forest assets? Small-scale Forest Economics Management and Policy, 5: 175-189.
  13. Hindls R., Hronová S., Novák I. (1999): Analýza dat v manažerském rozhodování. 1st Ed. Prague, Grada Publishing: 360. (in Czech)
  14. Janák K. (2007a): Differences in round wood measurements using electronic 2D and 3D systems and standard manual method. Drvna Industrija, 58: 127-133.
  15. Janák K. (2007b): Differences in the manual and electronic measurement of the volume of roundwood. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific Conference Woodworking Technique, Zalesina, Sept 11-15, 2007: 61-68.
  16. Janák K., Ondráček K. (2006): Elektronická přejímka dříví. 1st Ed. Brno, Folia universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis. Mendel University in Brno: 85. (in Czech)
  17. Janák K., Ondráček K., Horáček P., Hunková V., Pejzl J., Peter B., Vojtová M., Zukal R. (2005): Elektronické měření dříví. Užívání elektronického měření dříví v ČR. Kvantifikace odchylek a jejich rozbor. Přehled zahraničních metod a předpisů měření dříví. Brno, Mendel University in Brno: 45. (in Czech)
  18. Kollmann F.F.P., Côté W.A. (1968): Principles of Wood Science and Technology. I. Solid Wood. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer: 592. Go to original source...
  19. Matovič A. (1993): Fyzikální a mechanické vlastnosti dřeva a materiálů na bázi dřeva. Brno, University of Agriculture in Brno: 212. (in Czech)
  20. Matyáš K. (1962): Lesní těžba I. a II. díl. Prague, Státní zemědělské nakladatelství: 517. (in Czech)
  21. Miklašēvičs Z. (2013): Harmonization of piece-by-piece measurement methods of roundwood approved by Latvian standards LVS 82:2003 "Apaļo kokmateriālu uzmērišana". Environment. Technology. Resources. In: Proceeding of the 9th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Rēzekne, June 20-22, 2013: 154-162. Go to original source...
  22. Morávek Z. (2015): Manka a škody u zemědělských podnikatelů. Available at https://www.dauc.cz/dokument/?modul=li&cislo=137886 (in Czech)
  23. Mowen M.M., Hansen D.R., Heitger D.L. (2012): Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Business Decision. Boston, Cengage Learning: 741.
  24. Pecenka R., Lenz H., Hering T. (2020): Option for optimizing the drying process and reducing dry matter losses in whole-tree storage of poplar from short-rotation coppices in Germany. Forests, 11: 374. Go to original source...
  25. Pischedda D. (2004): Guide technique sur la récolte et la conservation des Chablis. Paris, CTBA: 111. (in French)
  26. Podhorský J., Svobodová J. (2002): Inventarizace: Praktický průvodce. 2nd Ed. Olomouc, Anag: 360. (in Czech).
  27. Procházka J. (1972): Normy mank, "Listovka". Document of the Ministry of Agriculture and Nutrition of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Supplement to Hospodářský zpravodaj, Issue 15. (in Czech)
  28. Redman A.L., Bailleres H., Turner I., Perré P. (2016): Characterisation of wood-water relationships and transverse anatomy and their relationship to drying degrade. Wood Science and Technology, 50: 739-757. Go to original source...
  29. Skaar C. (1988): Wood-Water Relations. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag: 292. Go to original source...
  30. Trendelenburg R., Mayer-Wegelin H. (1955): Das Holz als Rohstoff. 2nd Ed. Munich, Carl Hanser: 541. (in German)
  31. Ugolev V.N. (1975): Drevesinovedenije s Osnovami Lesnovo Tovarovedenija. Moscow: 382. (in Russian)
  32. Williems W. (2016): Equilibrium thermodynamics of wood moisture revised: Presentation of a simplified theory. Holzforschung, 70: 963-970. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.