J. For. Sci., 2020, 66(12):483-491 | DOI: 10.17221/86/2020-JFS

The crown condition of Norway spruce and occurrence of symptoms caused by Armillaria spp. in mixed standsOriginal Paper

Petr Čermák*, Tomáš Žid
Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

Mixed stands are currently supported as effective management options to reduce forest vulnerability to climate change. However, our issues about benefits of mixtures, mechanisms of their incidence and conditions for their effectiveness have yet been only partly clarified. We assessed the crown condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst) and occurrence of symptoms caused by Armillaria spp. on spruce in a small area in the Drahanská vrchovina Highlands (Czech Republic) in differently mixed stands in 2002 and 2019. We found that although the broadleaf abundance affected the total defoliation of Norway spruce, the effect was unstable in time. The observed effect of altitudinal zones and Norway spruce abundance on the occurrence of symptoms of Armillaria root rot in spruce was also unstable. The drought during recent four years and the implemented forestry measures (salvage and intermediate felling) can be reasons for the relationship instability. We did not identify any statistically significant relationship between tree species diversity (Simpson's Index) and defoliation.

Keywords: total defoliation; broadleaf abundance; tree species diversity

Published: December 31, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Čermák P, Žid T. The crown condition of Norway spruce and occurrence of symptoms caused by Armillaria spp. in mixed stands. J. For. Sci. 2020;66(12):483-491. doi: 10.17221/86/2020-JFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Bielak K., Dudzinska M., Pretzsch H. (2014): Mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] can be more productive than monocultures. Evidence from over 100 years of observation of longterm experiments. Forest Systems, 23: 573-589. Go to original source...
    2. Bussotti F., Feducci M., Iacopetti G., Maggino F., Pollastrini M., Selvi F. (2018): Linking forest diversity and tree health: preliminary insights from a large-scale survey in Italy. Forest Ecosystems: 5, article number: 1212. Go to original source...
    3. Caldwell M.M., Dawson T.E., Richards J.H. (1998): Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots to plants. Oecologia, 113: 151-161. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Cudlín P., Novotný R., Chmelíková E. (1999): Recognition of Stages of Montane Norway Spruce Response to Multiple Stress Impact Using Crown and Branch Structure Transformation Analysis. Phyton (Austria), Special issue: Plant Physiology, 39: 149-153.
    5. Cudlín P., Novotný R., Chmelíková E. (2000): Crown Structure Transformation and Response of Norway Spruce Forests to Multiple Stress Impact In: Klimo E., Hager H., Kulhavý J. (eds.): Spruce Monocultures in Central Europe - Problems and Prospects. EFI Proceedings No. 33: 103-112.
    6. Cudlín P., Novotný R., Moravec I., Chmelíková E. (2001): Retrospective evaluation of the response of montane forest ecosystems to multiple stress. Ekológia, 20: 108-124.
    7. Čermák P., Rybníček M., Žid T., Steffenrem A., Kolář T. (2019): Site and age-dependent responses of Picea abies growth to climate variability. European Journal of Forest Research, 138: 445-460. Go to original source...
    8. Dálya L.B., Capretti P., Ghelardini L., Jankovský L. (2019): Assessment of presence and distribution of Armillaria and Heterobasidion root rot fungi in the forest of Vallombrosa (Apennines Mountains, Italy) after severe windstorm damage. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 12: 118-124. Go to original source...
    9. de Vries W., Dobbertin M.H., Solberg S., van Dobben H.F., Schaub M. (2014): Impacts of acid deposition, ozone exposure and weather conditions on forest ecosystems in Europe: an overview. Plant and Soil, 380: 1-45. Go to original source...
    10. Eichhorn J., Roskams P., Ferretti M., Mues V., Szepesi A., Durrant D. (2010): Visual Assessment of Crown Condition and Damaging Agents. Manual Part IV. In: Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre, Hamburg. [cited 2017 November 20] Available from: http://www.icp-forests.org/Manual.htm
    11. Eickenscheidt N., Augustin N.H., Wellbrock N. (2019): Spatio-temporal modelling of forest monitoring data: modelling German tree defoliation data collected between 1989 and 2015 for trend estimation and survey grid examination using GAMMs. iForest, 12: 338-348. Go to original source...
    12. Felton A., Lindbladh M., Brunet J., Fritz Ö. (2010): Replacing coniferous monocultures with mixed-species production stands: An assessment of the potential benefits for forest biodiversity in northern Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 260: 939-947. Go to original source...
    13. Harris I., Jones P.D., Osborn T.J., Lister D.H. (2014): Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations-the CRU TS3.10 dataset. International Journal of Climatology, 34: 623-642. Go to original source...
    14. Iacopetti G., Bussotti F., Selvi F., Maggino F., Pollastrini M. (2019): Forest ecological heterogeneity determines contrasting relationships between crown defoliation and tree diversity. Forest Ecology and Management, 448: 321-329. Go to original source...
    15. Jactel H., Brockerhoff, E.G. (2007): Tree diversity reduces herbivory by forest insects. Ecology Letters, 10: 835-848. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Jules E. S., Carroll A. L., Garcia A. M., Steenbock C. M., Kauffman M. J. (2014): Host heterogeneity influences the impact of a non-native disease invasion on populations of a foundation tree species. Ecosphere, 5: 1-17. Go to original source...
    17. Kambach S., Kühn I., Castagneyrol B., Bruelheide H. (2016): The Impact of Tree Diversity on Different Aspects of Insect Herbivory along a Global Temperature Gradient - A MetaAnalysis. PLoS ONE, 11: e0165815. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Kozlowski T.T. (1971): Growth and Development of Trees. New York, Academic Pres:443.
    19. Lafond V., Lagarrigues G., Cordonnier T., Courbaud B. (2014): Uneven-aged management options to promote forest resilience for climate change adaptation: effects of group selection and harvesting intensity. Annals of Forest Science, 71: 173-186. Go to original source...
    20. Modrzyński J. (2003): Defoliation of older Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) stands in the Polish Sudety and Carpathian mountains. Forest Ecology and Management, 181: 289-299. Go to original source...
    21. Morrison D., Cruickshank M., Lalumière A. (2014): Control of laminated and Armillaria root diseases by stump removal and tree species mixtures: amount and cause of mortality and impact on yield after 40 years. Forest Ecology and Management, 319: 75-98. Go to original source...
    22. Parker I., Saunders M., Bontrager M., Weitz A.P., Hendricks R., Magarey R., Suiter K., Gilbert G. S. (2015): Phylogenetic structure and host abundance drive disease pressure in communities. Nature, 520: 542-544. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Pettersson M., Stenlid J., Sténs A., Wallertz K. (2016): Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands: Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden. Ambio, 45 (Suppl 2): 124-139. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Popa I., Badea O., Silaghi D. (2017): Influence of climate on tree health evaluated by defoliation in the ICP level I network (Romania). iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10: 554-560. Go to original source...
    25. Pretzsch H., Block J., Dieler J., Hoang Dong P., Kohnle U., Nagel J., Spellmann H., Zingg A., (2010): Comparison between the productivity of pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce and European beech along an ecological gradient. Annals of Forest Science, 67: 712. Go to original source...
    26. Pretzsch H., Forrester D.I., Bauhus J. (eds.) (2017): MixedSpecies Forests. Ecology and Management. Springer: 653. Go to original source...
    27. Pretzsch H., Rötzer T., Matyssek R., Grams T. E. E., Häberle K.H., Pritsch K., Kerner R., Munch J.C. (2014): Mixed Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) stands under drought: from reaction pattern to mechanism. Trees, 28: 1305-1321. Go to original source...
    28. Schuler L.J., Bugmann H., Snell R.S. (2017): From monocultures to mixed-species forests: is tree diversity key for providing ecosystem services at the landscape scale? Landscape Ecology, 32: 1499-1516. Go to original source...
    29. Simpson E. (1949): Measurement of Diversity. Nature, 163: 688. Go to original source...
    30. Solberg S., Aamlid D., Tveito O. E., Lystad S. (2015): Increased needlefall and defoliation in Norway spruce induced by warm and dry weather. Boreal Environment Research, 20: 335-349.
    31. Thor M.G., Ståhl J., Stenlid J. (2005): Modelling root rot incidence in Sweden using tree, site and stand variables. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 20: 165-176. Go to original source...
    32. Vitale M., Proietti C., Cionni I., Fischer R., De Marco A. (2014): Random Forests analysis: a useful tool for defining the relative importance of environmental conditions on crown defoliation. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 225: 1992. Go to original source...
    33. Zhang Y., Chen H.Y.H., Reich P.B. (2012): Forest productivity increases with evenness, species richness and trait variation: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Ecology, 100: 742-749. Go to original source...
    34. Žemaitis P., Stakenas V. (2016): Ecological factors influencing frequency of Norway spruce butt rot in mature stands in Lithuania. Russian Journal of Ecology, 47: 355-363. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content