J. For. Sci., 2017, 63(3):117-125 | DOI: 10.17221/67/2016-JFS

Growth performance and resistance to ground late frosts of Fagus sylvatica L. plantation treated with a brassinosteroid compoundOriginal Paper

Josef Gallo*, Martin Baláš, Rostislav Linda, Ivan Kuneš
Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

We measured the initial growth performance of a young plantation of European beech treated with a brassinosteroid compound prior to planting and compared it with a control treatment: we assessed heights, root collar diameters and mortality rate during the period 2012-2015. The trees showed posterior damage by ground frost after a substantial late frost event on the night of 4-5 May 2014. Therefore, we evaluated the post-stress vitality of trees, subsequent height increment from spring to August, and the height range of the damage. Mean height, root collar diameter, and mortality rate did not show any significantly better performance in the brassinosteroid treatment over the control treatment. Neither did the application treatment have a significant positive effect on the resistance of beech to late frosts. The severe frost damage was most intense at 30 cm above ground, and rapidly declined with increased height.

Keywords: European beech; brassinolide; frost events; vitality of trees; forest plantations

Published: March 31, 2017  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Gallo J, Baláš M, Linda R, Kuneš I. Growth performance and resistance to ground late frosts of Fagus sylvatica L. plantation treated with a brassinosteroid compound. J. For. Sci. 2017;63(3):117-125. doi: 10.17221/67/2016-JFS.
Download citation

References

  1. Back T.G., Pharis R.P. (2003): Structure-activity studies of brassinosteroids and the search for novel analogues and mimetics with improved bioactivity. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 22: 350-361. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Bajguz A. (2011): Brassinosteroids - occurrence and chemical structures in plants. In: Hayat S., Ahmad A. (eds): Brassinosteroids: A Class of Plant Hormone. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York, Springer Science + Business Media B.V.: 1-28. Go to original source...
  3. Bajguz A., Hayat S. (2009): Effects of brassinosteroids on the plant responses to environmental stresses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 1-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Basler D., Körner C. (2012): Photoperiod sensitivity of bud burst in 14 temperate forest tree species. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 165: 73-81. Go to original source...
  5. Caffarra A., Donnelly A. (2011): The ecological significance of phenology in four different tree species: Effects of light and temperature on bud burst. International Journal of Biometeorology, 55: 711-721. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Charrier G., Cochard H., Améglio T. (2013): Evaluation of the impact of frost resistances on potential altitudinal limit of trees. Tree Physiology, 33: 891-902. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Christersson L., von Fircks H.A. (1988): Injuries to conifer seedlings caused by simulated summer frost and winter desiccation. Silva Fennica, 22: 195-201. Go to original source...
  8. Dittmar C., Elling W. (2006): Phenological phases of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and their dependence on region and altitude in southern Germany. European Journal of Forest Research, 125: 181-188. Go to original source...
  9. Dittmar C., Fricke W., Elling W. (2006): Impact of late frost events on radial growth of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southern Germany. European Journal of Forest Research, 125: 249-259. Go to original source...
  10. Forest Management Institute (2003): Přehled lesních typů a souborů lesních typů v ČR (typologická tabulka). Available at http://www.uhul.cz/images/typologie/tab_LT_web_F.pdf (accessed Sept 20, 2016).
  11. Fujii S., Saka H. (2001): The promotive effect of brassinolide on lamina joint-cell elongation, germination and seedling growth under low-temperature stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Production Science, 4: 210-214. Go to original source...
  12. Gallo K., Hale R., Tarpley D., Yu Y. (2011): Evaluation of the relationship between air and land surface temperature under clear- and cloudy-sky conditions. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 50: 767-775. Go to original source...
  13. Geiger R. (1950): The Climate Near the Ground. Cambridge, Harvard University Printing Office: 482.
  14. Gomes M.M.A., Campostrini E., Leal N.R., Viana A.P., Ferraz T.M., Siqueira L.D., Rosa R.C. C., Neto A.T., Nuñues-Vázquez M., Zullo, M.A.T. (2006): Brassinosteroid analogue effects on the yield of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Scientia Horticulturae, 110: 235-240. Go to original source...
  15. Gömöry D., Paule L. (2011): Trade-off between height growth and spring flushing in common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Annals of Forest Science, 68: 975-984. Go to original source...
  16. Grove M.D., Spencer G.F., Rohwedder W.K., Mandava N., Worley J.F., Warthen J.D., Steffens G.L., Flippen-Anderson J.L., Cook J.C. (1979): Brassinolide, a plant growthpromoting steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen. Nature, 281: 216-217. Go to original source...
  17. He R.Y., Wang G.J., Wang X.S. (1991): Effects of brassinolide on growth and chilling resistance of maize seedlings. In: Cutler H.G., Yokota T., Adam G. (eds): Brassinosteroids: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Applications. Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society: 26-35. Go to original source...
  18. Hofmann M., Durka W., Liesebach M., Bruelheide, H. (2015): Intraspecific variability in frost hardiness of Fagus sylvatica L. European Journal of Forest Research, 134: 433-441. Go to original source...
  19. Holubík O., Podrázský V., Vopravil J., Khel T., Remeš J. (2014): Effect of agricultural lands afforestation and tree species composition on the soil reaction, total organic carbon and nitrogen content in the uppermost mineral soil profile. Soil and Water Research, 9: 192-200. Go to original source...
  20. Hradecká D., Urban J., Kohout L., Pulkrábek J., Hnilička R. (2009): Využití brassinosteroidů k regulaci stresu během růstu a tvorby výnosu řepy cukrové. Listy cukrovarnické a řepařské, 125: 271-273.
  21. Khripach V.A., Zhabinskii V.N., Groot, A.E. (1999): Brassinosteroids: A New Class of Plant Hormones. San Diego, Academic Press: 456.
  22. Kohout L., Kasal A., Chodounská H. (2004): Použití 2α,3α,17β-trihydroxy-5α-androstan-6-onu pro ovlivňování stresu rostlin. [Utilisation of 2α,3α,17β-trihydroxy-5αandrostan-6-one for influencing of plant stress.] PV 20012436 (2.7.2001) - CZ pat. No. 294 343 (4.10.2004).
  23. Kohout L., Kasal A., Chodounská H., Slavíková B., Hniličková J. (2002): The use of 2α,3α,17β-trihydroxy-5α-androstan6-one for plant development regulation. PCT pat. appl. No. PCT/CZ02/00041 (2.7.2002) (WO2003003834) and EU patent 1 401 278 (16.1.2003).
  24. Kreyling J., Thiel D., Nagy L., Jentsch A., Huber G., Konnert M., Beierkuhnlein C. (2012): Late frost sensitivity of juvenile Fagus sylvatica L. differs between southern Germany and Bulgaria and depends on preceding air temperature. European Journal of Forest Research, 131: 717-725. Go to original source...
  25. Krishna P. (2003): Brassinosteroid-mediated stress responses. Journal of Plant Growth Regulators, 22: 289-297. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Kuneš I., Baláš M., Millerová K., Balcar V. (2011): Vnášení listnaté příměsi a jedle do jehličnatých porostů Jizerských hor. Lesnický průvodce 9/2011. Jíloviště-Strnady, VÚLHM: 36.
  27. Kuneš I., Baláš M., Zahradník D., Nováková O., Gallo J., Nárovcová J., Drury M.L. (2014): Role of planting stock size and fertilizing in initial growth performance of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) reforestation in a mountain frost hollow. Forest Systems, 23: 273-287. Go to original source...
  28. Langvall O., Nilsson U., Örlander G. (2001): Frost damage to planted Norway spruce seedlings - influence of site preparation and seedling type. Forest Ecology and Management, 141: 223-235. Go to original source...
  29. Lechowicz M.J. (1984): Why do temperate deciduous trees leaf out at different times? Adaptation and ecology of forest communities. The American Naturalist, 124: 821-842. Go to original source...
  30. Lenz A., Hoch G., Körner C., Vitasse Y. (2016): Convergence of leaf-out towards minimum risk of freezing damage in temperate trees. Functional Ecology, 30: 1480-1490. Go to original source...
  31. Leslie A.D., Mencuccini M., Perks M. (2014): Frost damage to eucalypts in a short-rotation forestry trial in Cumbria (England). iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 7: 156-161. Go to original source...
  32. Li B., Zhang C., Cao B., Qin G., Wang W., Tian S. (2012): Brassinolide enhances cold stress tolerance of fruit by regulating plasma membrane proteins and lipids. Amino Acids, 43: 2469-2480. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Li K.R., Zhang W.B., Li H.K. (2005): Effect of natural brassinolide on germination of Ailanthus altissima seeds. Forestry Studies in China, 7: 12-14. Go to original source...
  34. Li K.R., Wang H.H., Han G., Wang Q.J., Fan J. (2008): Effects of brassinolide on the survival, growth and drought resistance of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings under water-stress. New Forests, 35: 255-266. Go to original source...
  35. Lindkvist L., Lindqvist S. (1997): Spatial and temporal variability of nocturnal summer frost in elevated complex terrain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87: 139-153. Go to original source...
  36. Menzel A., Helm R., Zang C. (2015): Patterns of late spring frost leaf damage and recovery in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand in south-eastern Germany based on repeated digital photographs. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 110. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  37. Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (2015): Zelená zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hospodářství České republiky v roce 2014. Prague, Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic: 108.
  38. Nováková O., Kuneš I., Gallo J., Baláš M. (2014): Effects of brassinosteroids on prosperity of Scots pine seedlings. Journal of Forest Science, 60: 388-393. Go to original source...
  39. Nováková O., Gallo J., Baláš M., Špulák O., Kuneš I. (2015): Vliv brassinosteroidů na výškový přírůst, fluorescenci chlorofylu a mortalitu sazenic smrku ztepilého a borovice lesní v podmínkách lesní školky. Zprávy lesnického výzkumu, 60: 122-129.
  40. Novotný P., Frýdl J., Čáp J. (2015): Zhodnocení kvalitativních parametrů buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) na sedmi provenienčních výzkumných plochách ve věku 25 let. Zprávy lesnického výzkumu, 60: 14-23.
  41. Oke T.R. (1970): The temperature profile near the ground on calm clear nights. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 96: 14-23. Go to original source...
  42. Petritan I.C., von Lüpke B., Petritan A.M. (2011): Influence of shelterwood and ground vegetation on late spring frost damages of planted beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas-fir (Preudotsuga menziesii) saplings. Baltic Forestry, 17: 227-234.
  43. Podrázský V., Remeš J. (2007): Humus form status in closeto-nature forest parts comparing to afforested agricultural lands. Lesnícky časopis - Forestry Journal, 53: 99-106.
  44. Podrázský V., Remeš J. (2008): Rychlost obnovy charakteru lesních půd na zalesněných lokalitách Orlických hor. Zprávy lesnického výzkumu, 53: 89-93. Go to original source...
  45. Podrázský V., Zahradník D., Remeš J. (2014): Potential consequences of tree species and age structure changes of forests in the Czech Republic - review of forest inventory data. Wood Research, 59: 483-490. Go to original source...
  46. Pullman G.S., Zhang Y., Phan B.H. (2003): Brassinolide improves embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers and rice. Plant Cell Reports, 22: 96-104. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  47. Rao R.S., Vidya Vardhini B., Sujatha E., Anuradha S. (2002): Brassinosteroids - a new class of phytohormones. Current Science, 82: 1239-1245.
  48. Robson T.M., Rasztovits E., Aphalo P.J., Alia R., Aranda I. (2013): Flushing phenology and fitness of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances from a trial in La Rioja, Spain, segregate according to their climate of origin. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 180: 76-85. Go to original source...
  49. Sasse J.M. (2003): Physiological actions of brassinosteroids: An update. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 22: 276-288. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  50. Schütz J.P., Götz M., Schmid W., Mandallaz D. (2006): Vulnerability of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest stands to storms and consequences for silviculture. European Journal of Forest Research, 125: 291-302. Go to original source...
  51. Singh I., Kumar U., Singh S.K., Gupta C., Singh M., Kushwaha S.R. (2012): Physiological and biochemical effect of 24-epibrassinoslide on cold tolerance in maize seedlings. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 18: 229-236. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  52. Špulák O., Balcar V. (2013): Temperatures at the margins of a young spruce stand in relation to aboveground height. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 6: 302-309. Go to original source...
  53. Steyrer G. (2011): Abiotische Schäden im Winter und Frühjahr. Forstschutz Aktuell, 53: 30-31.
  54. Strasser L. (2011): Schwarzes Laub und braune Nadeln - Spätfrost in Bayern. Forstschutz Aktuell, 53: 28-29.
  55. Thussagunpanit J., Jutamanee K., Kaveeta L., Chai-arree W., Pankean P., Homvisasevongsa S., Suksamrarn A. (2015): Comparative effects of brassinosteroid and brassinosteroid mimic on improving photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, and rice seed set under heat stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 34: 320-331. Go to original source...
  56. Vardhini V., Rao R.S. (2003): Amelioration of osmotic stress by brassinosteroids on seed germination and seedling growth of three varieties of sorghum. Plant Growth Regulation, 41: 25-33. Go to original source...
  57. Vitasse Y., Basler D. (2013): What role for photoperiod in the bud burst phenology of European beech. European Journal of Forest Research, 132: 1-8. Go to original source...
  58. Wilen R.W., Sacco M., Gusta L.V., Krishna P. (1995): Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on freezing and thermotolerance of bromegrass (Bromus inermis) cell cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 95: 195-202. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.