J. For. Sci., 2014, 60(3):121-131 | DOI: 10.17221/85/2013-JFS

Ca/Al ratio in Norway spruce fine roots on monitoring plots in the Czech RepublicOriginal Paper

V. ©rámek, V. Fadrhonsová, L. Jurkovská
Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Jíloviątě, Czech Republic

This article is focused on the evaluation of the Al/Ca ratio in fine roots of Norway spruce on the plots belonging to the ICP Forests monitoring programme in the Czech Republic. In total 122 fine root samples were collected from twenty plots from two soil layers of 0-10 and 10-20 cm and then analysed. The mean Ca/Al molar ratio in the fine roots from the 0-10 cm topsoil layer is higher than in the lower 10-20 cm soil layer, which corresponds to the distribution of fine roots - on average 80% of fine roots were found in the topsoil. 6% of the samples in the lower soil layer strongly indicate aluminium stress (Ca/Al < 0.1) and 30% of the samples may demonstrate the adverse effects of aluminium (< 0.2). On the other hand, no relationship was found between the Ca/Al ratio in the fine roots and the fine root biomass and vitality or crown condition. These results suggest that the potential aluminium toxicity is not the driving factor of the crown condition in Norway spruce and the Ca/Al ratio itself does not pose a risk to forest health in the region.

Keywords: aluminium toxicity; forest health; soil acidification

Published: March 31, 2014  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
©rámek V, Fadrhonsová V, Jurkovská L. Ca/Al ratio in Norway spruce fine roots on monitoring plots in the Czech Republic. J. For. Sci. 2014;60(3):121-131. doi: 10.17221/85/2013-JFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Álvarez E., Fernández-Marcos M.L., Monterroso C., Fernández-Sanjuro M.J. (2005): Application of aluminium toxicity indices to soils under various forest species. Forest Ecology and Management, 211: 227-239. Go to original source...
    2. Balsberg Påhlsson A.M. (1990): Influence of aluminium on biomass, nutrients, soluble carbohydrates and phenols in beech (Fagus sylvatica). Physiologia Plantarum 78: 79-84. Go to original source...
    3. Borken W., Kossmann G., Matzner, E. (2007): Biomass, morphology and nutrient contents of fine roots in four Norway spruce stands. Plant and Soil, 292: 79-93. Go to original source...
    4. Borůvka L., Nikodem A., Drábek O., Vokurková P., Tejnecký V., Pavlů L. (2009): Assessment of soil aluminium pools along three mountainous elevation gradients. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 103: 1449-1458. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Boudot J.P., Becquer T., Merlet D., Rouiller J. (1994): Aluminium toxicity in declining forests: a general overview with a seasonal assessment in a silver fir forest in the Vosges mountains (France). Annales des Sciences Forestieres, 51: 27-51. Go to original source...
    6. Brunner I., Brodbeck S., Walthert L. (2002): Fine root chemistry, starch concentration, and vitality of sublapine conifer forests in relation to soil pH. Forest Ecology and Management, 165: 75-84. Go to original source...
    7. Cloutier-Hurteau B., Turmel M.C., Sauvé S., Courchesne F. (2010): The speciation of water-soluble Al and Zn in the rhizosphere of forest soils. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 12: 1274-1286. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Cronan C.S., Grigal D.F. (1995): Use of calcium/aluminum ratios as indicators of stress in forest ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Quality, 24: 209-226. de Vos B., Cools N. (2011): Second European Forest Soil Condition Report. Brussel, Research Institute for Nature and Forest: 359. Go to original source...
    9. de Witt H.A., Eldhuset T.D., Mulder J. (2010): Dissolved Al reduces Mg uptake in Norway spruce forests: Results from a long-term field manipulation experiment in Norway. Forest Ecology and Management, 259: 2072-2082. Go to original source...
    10. Eldhuset T., Lange H., de Witt H.A. (2006): Fine root biomass, necromass and chemistry during seven years of elevated aluminium concentrations in the soil solution of a middle-aged Picea abies stand. Science of the Total Environment, 369: 344-356. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Ewald J. (2005): Ecological background of crown condition, growth and nutritional status of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Bavarian Alps. European Journal of Forest Research, 124: 9-18. Go to original source...
    12. Fabiánek P., Hellebrandová K., Čapek M. (2012): Monitoring of defoliation in forest standsof the Czech Republic and its comparison with results of defoliation monitoring in other European countries. Journal of Forest Science, 58: 193-202. Go to original source...
    13. Gobran G.R., Fenn L.B., Persson H., Al Windi I. (1993): Nutrition response of Norway spruce and willow to varying levels of calcium and aluminium. Fertilizer Research, 34: 181-189. Go to original source...
    14. Hůnová I., ©antroch J., Ostatnická J. (2004): Ambient air quality and deposition trends at rural stations in the Czech Republic during 1993-2001. Atmospheric Environment, 38: 887-898. Go to original source...
    15. Huttermann A., Ulrich B. (1984): Solid phase-solutionroot interactions in soils subjected to acid deposition. Philospohical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences, 305: 353-368. Go to original source...
    16. Hüttl R.F., Schaaf W. (eds) (1997): Magnesium Deficiency in Forest Ecosystems. Dotrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 362. Go to original source...
    17. Fischer R., Waldner P., Carnicer J., Coll M., Dobbertin M., Ferretti M., Hansen K., Kindermann G., LaschBorn P., Lorenz M., Marchetto A., Meining S., Nieminen T., Peñuelas J., Rautio P., Reyer C., Roskams P., Sánchez G. (2012): Forest Condition in Europe. Technical Report of ICP Forests. Available at http://www.icp-forests.org/pdf/TR2012.pdf
    18. Kinrade T.B. (2003): Toxicity factors in acidic forest soils: attempts to evaluate separately the toxic effects of successive AL3+ and H+ and unsufficient Ca2+ and Mg2+ upon root elongation. European Journal of Soil Science, 54: 323-333. Go to original source...
    19. Konôpka B., Lukac M. (2009): Fine root condition relates to visible crown damage in Norway spruce in acidified soils. Forest Pathology, 40: 47-57. Go to original source...
    20. Kubelka L. (ed.) (1993): Forest Regeneration in the Heavily Polluted NE "Kruąné hory" Mountains. Praha, Ministerstvo zemědělství České republiky: 131.
    21. Lochman V., Bíba M., Fadrhonsová V. (2008): Chemistry of water in forests in relation to changes of air pollution load. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Bohemicae, 24: 131-151.
    22. Lochman V., ©rámek V., Fadrhonsová V., Lachmanová Z. (2008): Změny zásoby sledovaných prvků v lesních půdách na plochách Moldava v Kruąných horách. [Changes in pools of observed elements in forest soils at the Moldava plots in the Ore Mts.] Zprávy lesnického výzkumu 53: 165-178.
    23. Lomský B., Materna J., Pfanz H. (eds) (2002): SO2- Pollution and Forest Decline in the Ore Mountains. JíloviątěStrnady, VÚLHM: 242.
    24. Lomský B., ©rámek V., Novotný R. (2012): Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands. European Journal of Forest Research, 131: 757-771. Go to original source...
    25. Lund Z.F. (1970): The effect of calcium and its relation to several cations in soybean root growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 34: 456-459. Go to original source...
    26. Luster J., Finlay R. (eds) (2006): Handbook of Methods Used in Rhizosphere Research. Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL: 536.
    27. Meloun M., Militký J. (2002): Kompendium statistického zpracování dat. [Statistical Compendium of Data Processing.] Praha, Academia: 953.
    28. Musio M., von Wilpert K., Augustin N.H. (2007): Crown condition as a function of soil, site and tree characteristics. European Journal of Forest Research, 126: 91-100. Go to original source...
    29. Novotný R., Lachmanová Z., ©rámek V., Vortelová L. (2008): Air pollution load and stand nutrition in the forest district Jablunkov, part Nýdek. Journal of Forest Science, 54: 49-54. Go to original source...
    30. Nygaard P.H., de Witt H. (2004): Effects of elevated soil solution Al concentrations on fine roots in a middle aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand. Plant and Soil, 265: 131-140. Go to original source...
    31. Persson H., Majdi H. (1995): Effects of acid deposition on tree roots in Swedish forest stands. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 85: 1287-1292. Go to original source...
    32. Reinds G.J., Posch M., De Vries W., Slootweg J., Hettelingh J.P. (2008): Critical loads of sulphur and nitrogen for terrestrial ecosystems in Europe and Northern Asia using different soil chemical criteria. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 193: 269-287. Go to original source...
    33. Sverdrup H. (1995): Critical loads and the BC/Al-ratio as indicator of soil acidification effects on tree growth. Kungl Skogs och Lantbruksakademiens Tidskrift, 134: 77-99.
    34. Sverdrup H., Warfinge P. (1992): A model for the impact of soil solution Ca:Al ratio, soil moisture and temperature on tree base cation uptake. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 61: 365-383. Go to original source...
    35. ©rámek V., Fadrhonsová V. (2011): ®ivotnost a mnoľství kořenů smrku ztepilého na plochách mezinárodního monitoringu ICP Forests v České republice. [Norway spruce root vitality and biomass at the ICP Forests monitoring plots in the Czech Republic.] Zprávy lesnického výzkumu, 56: 58-67.
    36. ©rámek V., Hadaą P., Lachmanová Z., Fadrhonsová V., Vortelová L., Lomský B., Kulhavý J. (2008a): Imisní zatíľení Kruąných hor. [Air pollution in the Ore Mts.] In: Slodičák M., Balcar V., Novák J., ©rámek V. (eds): Lesnické hospodaření v Kruąných horách. [Forestry Management in the Kruąné hory Mts.] Hradec Králové, Jíloviątě-Strnady, Lesy České Republiky, VÚLHM: 45-70.
    37. ©rámek V., Vejpustková M., Novotný R., Hellebrandová K. (2008b): Yellowing of Norway spruce stands in the Silesian Beskids - damage extent and dynamics. Journal of Forest Science, 54: 55-63. Go to original source...
    38. ©rámek V., Vortelová L., Fadrhonsová V., Hellebrandová K. (2011): Výsledky výzkumu lesních půd v rámci programu Biosoil v České republice - zajiątění výľivy dřevin základními ľivinami. [Results of the forest soil research in the project BIOSOIL in Czech Republic - wood nutrition supply by basic nutrients.] In: Sobocká J. (ed.): Diagnostika, klasifikácia a mapovanie pôd. Bratislava, Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy, Societas pedologica slovaca: 182-190.
    39. Tejnecký V., Drábek O., Borůvka L., Nikodem A., Kopáč J., Vokurková P., ©ebek O. (2010): Seasonal variation of water extractable aluminium forms in acidified forest organic soils under different vegetation cover. Biogeochemistry, 101: 151-163. Go to original source...
    40. Van Schöll L., Keltjens W.G., Hoffland E., van Breemen N. (2004): Aluminium concentration versus the base cation to aluminium ratio as predictors for aluminium toxicity in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 195: 301-309. Go to original source...
    41. Vanoene H. (1992): Acid deposition and forest nutrient imbalances - a modeling approach. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 63: 33-50. Go to original source...
    42. UNECE (2006a): Visual Assessment of Crown Condition. In: Manual on Methods and Criteria for Harmonized Sampling, Assessment, Monitoring and Analysis of the Effects of air Pollution on Forests. Hamburg, UNECE, CLRTAP: 69.
    43. UNECE (2006b): Sampling and Analysis of Soil. In: Manual on Methods and Criteria for Harmonized Sampling, Assessment, Monitoring and Analysis of the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests. Hamburg, UNECE, CLRTAP: 161.
    44. Vanguelova E.I., Hirano Y., Eldhuset T.D., Sas-Paszt L., Bakker M.R., Püttsepp Ü., Brunner I., Lõhmus K., Godbold K. (2007): The fine roots Ca/Al molar ratio - indicator of Al and acidity stress. Plant Biosystems, 141: 460-480. Go to original source...
    45. Vícha Z., Lochman V., Bíba M. (2012): Depozice dusíku v lesních porostech a jejich vliv na obsah nitrátů v odtékající vodě a na okyselování půdy. [Nitrogen deposition in the forest stands and the effect on nitrate amount in runoff water and on soil acidification.] Zprávy lesnického výzkumu, 57: 352-360.
    46. Vícha Z., Lochman V., Bíba M. (2013): Vývoj depozic imisních látek a jejich vstupu do odtékající vody v oblasti Českomoravské vrchoviny. [Air pollutants deposition development and their input into runoff water in the region of Bohemian-Moravian Highland.] Zprávy lesnického výzkumu, 58: 158-166.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content