J. For. Sci., 2014, 60(3):109-114 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2013-JFS

Modelling of forest road sediment in the northern forest of Iran (Lomir Watershed)Original Paper

P. Dalir1, R. Naghdi1, V. Gholami2
1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehsara, Iran
2 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehsara, Iran

Forest roads are the most important ways of access; nevertheless, they are the main source of sediment production. The delivered sediment by forest roads causes environmental problems and pollution of water resources. This study has been done to present a model for estimating the sediment yield of forest road using a multiple regression analysis on the Caspian southern coasts (north of Iran, Lomir watershed). For this purpose, 45 wood dams were created and their sediment volume (dependent variable) was measured. The following independent variables were estimated: road length, road width, road slope, vegetation cover, height of cut slope and road age. Then, a regression analysis was done using SPSS software to present a linear model. In the next step, the accuracy and capability of the presented model were considered and validated using the model for estimating the wood dam sediment. The results showed that road length and road width have significant effects in sediment generation. Also, the presented model can estimate the forest road sediment in northern Iran.

Keywords: wood dams; SPSS; multiple regression; culvert

Published: March 31, 2014  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Dalir P, Naghdi R, Gholami V. Modelling of forest road sediment in the northern forest of Iran (Lomir Watershed). J. For. Sci. 2014;60(3):109-114. doi: 10.17221/91/2013-JFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Akay A.E., Erdas O., Reis M., Yuksel A. (2008): Estimating sediment yield from a forest road network by using a sediment prediction model and GIS techniques. Building and Environment, 43: 687-695. Go to original source...
    2. Binkley D., Brown T.C. (1993): Forest practices as nonpoint sources of pollution in North America. Journal of Water Resources Bulletin, 29: 729-740. Go to original source...
    3. Bilby R.E., Sullivan K., Duncan S.H. (1998): The generation and fate of road surface sediment in forested watersheds in southwestern Washington. Journal of Forest Science, 35: 453-468. Go to original source...
    4. Casermeiro M.A., Molina J.A., Caravaca M.T.D., Massanet M.I.H., Moreno P.S. (2004): Influence of scrubs on runoff and sediment loss in soils of Mediterranean climate. Journal of Catena, 57: 97-107. Go to original source...
    5. Cerdà A. (2007): Soil water erosion on road embankments in eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment, 378: 151-155. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Cole D.N., Landres P.B. (1996): Threats to wilderness ecosystems: impacts and research needs. Journal of Applied Ecology, 6: 168-184. Go to original source...
    7. Croke J., Hairsine P., Fogarty P. (2001): Soil recovery from track construction and harvesting changes in surface infiltration, erosion and delivery rates with time. Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 143: 3-12. Go to original source...
    8. Davies-Colley R.J., Smith D.G. (2001): Turbidity, suspended sediment and water clarity. Journal of the American Water Resource Association, 37: 1085-1101. Go to original source...
    9. Demir M., Hasdemir M. (2005): Functional planning criterion of forest road network systems according to recent forestry development and suggestion in Turkey. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1: 22-28. Go to original source...
    10. Dietrich W.E., Dunne T. (1978): Sediment budgets for a small catchment in mountainous terrain. Journal of Geomorphology, 29: 191-206.
    11. Elliot W.J., Hall D.E., Scheele D.L. (1999): Rocky Mountain Research Station Stochastic Weather Generator. Moscow, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Moscow, Forestry Sciences Laboratory: 24.
    12. Foltz R.B., Copeland N.S., Elliot W.J. (2009): Reopening abandoned forest roads in northern Idaho, USA: Quantification of runoff, sediment concentration, infiltration, and inter rill erosion parameters. Journal of Environmental Management, 90: 2542-2550. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Fu B., Newham L.T.H., Field J.B. (2009): Modeling erosion and sediment delivery from unsealed roads in southeast Australia. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 79: 2679-2688. Go to original source...
    14. Gholami V., Jokar E., Azodi M., Zabardast H.A., Bashirgonbad M. (2009): The influence of anthropogenic activities on intensifying runoff generation and flood hazard in Kasilian watershed. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9: 3723-3730. Go to original source...
    15. Gholami V., Mohseni Saravi V., Ahmadi H. (2010): Effects of impervious surfaces and urban development on runoff generation and flood hazard in the Hajighoshan watershed, Caspian. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8: 1-12.
    16. Gholami V., Khaleghi M.R. (2013): The impact of vegetation on the bank erosion (case study: the Haraz River). Soil and Water Research, 8: 158-164. Go to original source...
    17. Gholzom E.H., Gholami V. (2012): A comparison between natural forests and reforested lands in terms of runoff generation potential and hydrologic response (case study: Kasilian watershed). Soil and Water Research, 7: 166-173. Go to original source...
    18. Grace J.M. (2002): Control of sediment export from the forest road prism. Transactions of the ASAE, 45: 1127-1132. Go to original source...
    19. Grace J.M., Clinton B.D. (2007): Protecting soil and water in forest road management. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 50: 1579-1584. Go to original source...
    20. Grubler A. (1994): Technology. In: Meyer W.B., Turner B.L. (eds): Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 287-328.
    21. Khanbilvardi R.M., Rogowski A.S. (1984): Quantitative evaluation of sediment delivery ratios. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 20: 865-874. Go to original source...
    22. Megahan W.F., Seyedbagheri K.A., Mosko T.L., Ketcheson G.L. (1986): Construction phase sediment budget for forest roads on granitic slopes in Idaho. In: Hadley R.F. (ed.): Proceedings of the Symposium Drainage Basin Sediment Delivery. Albuquerque, 4.-8. August, 1986. Albuquerque, International Association of Hydrological Sciences: 31-39.
    23. Megahan W.F. (1974): Erosion over Time on Severely Disturbed Granitic Soils: a Model. Research Paper INT-156. Ogden, USDA Forest Service: 14.
    24. Reid L.M., Dunne T. (1984): Sediment production from forest road surfaces. Journal of Water Resources, 20: 1753-1761. Go to original source...
    25. Roehl J.W. (1962): Sediment source area, delivery ratio, and influencing morphological factors. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publication, 29: 202-213.
    26. Sheridan G.J., Noske P.J. (2007): A quantitative study of sediment delivery and stream pollution from different forest road types. Journal of Hydrological Processes, 21: 387-398. Go to original source...
    27. Washington Forest Practices Board (WFPB) (1997): Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis. Version 4.0. Available at http://www.dnr.wa.gov
    28. Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) (1995): Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis. Version 3.0. Olympia, Washington Forest Practices Board: 125.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content