J. For. Sci., 2011, 57(11):467-471 | DOI: 10.17221/1/2011-JFS
Calculating the correction factor of skidding distance based on forest road network
- 1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
- 2 Faculty of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, Sari, Iran
Average skidding distance for forest stands is an important parameter for the determination of the optimum road density and spacing. In this research the real mean skidding distance and theoretical mean skidding distance were measured to calculate the correction factor of skidding distance for Chafrood forest in Hyrcanian zone. The length and azimuth of skid trails from road and depot junction to forest interior were measured. Moreover, the position of skid trail was recorded by GPS. These skid trails with a buffer of 140 m were designed on a topographical map using Arc GIS software. Results indicated that the road spacing of 500 m in the study area resulted in a theoretical mean skidding distance of 125 m. For a real mean skidding distance of 525.9 m and for the mean slope of 40%, the correction factor was estimated to be 4.2.
Keywords: real skidding distance; theoretical skidding distance; correction factor; Chafrood forest
Published: November 30, 2011 Show citation
References
- Abegg B. (1978): Estimation of the optimal forest road density in skidder terrain. Mitteilungen, 54: 101-213. (in German)
- Bagheri I., Naghdi R. (2009): Efficiency evaluation of ground skidding system and determining the optimum forest road density in Caspian Forest (Northern Iran). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3: 74-80.
- Beneš J. (1989): Access to mountain forests. Lesnictví, 35: 153-172. (in Czech)
- Beneš J. (1991): Accessibility of forests in the hilly country. Forestry, 37: 245-266.
- Demir M., Makineci A., Gungor B. (2008): Plant species recovery on a compacted skid road. Sensors, 8: 3123-3133.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- FAO (1974): Logging and log transport in tropical high forest. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 18, Rome.
- Ghaffarian M.R, Sobhani H. (2007): Optimization of an existing forest road network using network 2000. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 28: 185-193.
- Ghaffarian M.R, Sobhani H. (2008): Optimum road spacing of ground based skidding operations in Nowshahr, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science, 6: 105-112.
- Ghaffarian M.R., Stampfer K., Sessions J. (2009): Comparison of three methods to determine optimal road spacing for forwarder-type logging operations. Journal of Forest Science, 55: 423-431.
Go to original source...
- Heinimann H.R. (1998): A computer model to differentiate skidder and cable-yarder based road network concepts on steep slopes. Journal of Forest Research, 3: 1-9.
Go to original source...
- Jour Gholami M., Majnounian B. (2008): Productivity and cost of wheeled skidder in Hyrcanian Forest. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 2: 99-103.
- Klassen A. (2006): Planning, location, survey, construction and maintenance for low-impact forest roads. Fourth Technical Procedures Manual: 63-74.
- Kanzaki K., Ohasi K., Deki T., Miyake T. (1990): On capillary path systems in steep mountain areas. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2: 17-21.
Go to original source...
- Lotfalian M. (2001): Investigation Effective Factors in Determining of Optimum Density of Forest Road Network. [PhD Thesis.] Faculty of Natural resource, University of Tehran: 124. (in Persian)
- Mohammadalizadeh K.H. (2001): Investigation and planning of skid trail network and calculating distance and correction coefficients in Guilan forest. [MSc Thesis.] Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Guilan: 109. (in Persian)
- Naghdi R., Bagheri I. (2007): Evaluation of tree length and assortment logging methods with respect to timber production in Caspian Forest in the Northern Iran. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 6: 46-50.
Go to original source...
- Najafi A., Sobhani H., Saeed A., Makhdoon M., Marvi Mohadjer M. (2008): Planning and assessment of alternative forest road and skidding networks. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 29: 63-73.
- Pentek T., Picman D., Potocnik I., Dvorscak P., Nevecerel H. (2005): Analysis of an existing forest road network. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 26: 39-50.
- Pir Bavaghar M., Sobhani H., Feghhi J., Darvishsedfat A., Marvi Mohadjer M. (2007): Investigation on production rate and cost of TIMBERJACK 450C in two skidding direction in combined harvesting system. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15: 374-385. (in Persian)
- Segebaden G.V. (1964): Studies of cross country transportation distances and net extension, Studia Forestalia Suecica, No. 18.
- Smith C.W. (2003): Does soil compaction on harvesting extraction roads affect long-term productivity of Eucalyptus plantations in Zululand. Southern African Forestry Journal, 199: 41-54.
Go to original source...
- Tucek J., Pacola E. (1999): Algorithms for skidding distance modelling on a raster digital. Terrain Model. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 10: 67-79.
- Zhixian Z., Zhili F. (1997): The method of calculating average skidding distance. Journal of Forestry Research, 8: 47-49.
Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.