J. For. Sci., 2010, 56(11):555-569 | DOI: 10.17221/128/2010-JFS

Health status of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

S. Vacek1, K. Matějka2
1 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
2 IDS, Prague, Czech Republic

Damage to beech, mixed (beech with spruce to spruce with beech) and spruce stands in the Krkonoše Mts. is described on the basis of evaluation of transition matrices describing the probability of a change in the assessment of defoliation of particular trees in defoliation classes. The condition and development of health status were evaluated in the long run on PRP 1-32 in the Krkonoše Mts. by foliage and degrees of defoliation. Features describing the health status of the tree crown (damage by snow, frost, wood-decaying fungi, and insects) were also evaluated. Average defoliation, standard deviation of defoliation, estimation of minimum defoliation, and frequency of the tree number in defoliation classes were calculated for each plot, and each year. Three characteristic periods were distinguished according to different trend of foliage dynamics: period of the first symptoms of damage (1976-1980) - a decrease in foliage on average max. by 1% per year, period of great damage (1981-1988) - annual defoliation on average around 3-16%, period of damage abatement (1989-2009) - annual defoliation on average between 0% and 4%. The incomparably higher resistance of autochthonous stands to air pollution stress culminating in the eighties of the last century was demonstrated unambiguously.

Keywords: air pollution; beech, mixed and spruce stands; damage; defoliation; health status; Krkonoše Mts.; transition matrices

Published: November 30, 2010  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Vacek S, Matějka K. Health status of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts. J. For. Sci. 2010;56(11):555-569. doi: 10.17221/128/2010-JFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Lepš J., Vacek S. (1986): Use of transition matrices for prediction of the development of the spruce population in the Giant Mountains. In: Simulation of Systems in Biology and Medicine. Praha, Dům techniky ČSVTS: 1-5.
    2. Lorenz M. (1995): International co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests - ICP forests. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85: 1221-1226. Go to original source...
    3. Matjka K. (1993): Monitoring the forest state in the Czech republic. Methodological comments, list of research plots and some previous results. Praha, VÚLHM: 68. (in Czech)
    4. Matjka K. (2009): PlotOA software help (Plotting of ordination diagrams and cartograms). Available at http://www.infodatasys.cz/software/hlp_PlotOA/PlotOA.htm (accessed on December 2, 2009) (in Czech)
    5. Matjka K., Vacek S., Podrázský V. (2010): Development of forest soils in the Krkonoše Mts. in the period 1980-2009. Journal of Forest Science, 56: 485-504. Go to original source...
    6. Matjka K., Vacek S., Schwarz O. (1998): Modelling the health status development of spruce stands in Krkonoše Mts. on the basis of satellite photographs. Lesnictví-Forestry, 44: 333-343. (in Czech)
    7. Schwarz O. (1997): Reconstruction of forest ecosystems in the Krkonoše Mts. Instruction manual. Vrchlabí, KRNAP Administration: 174. (in Czech)
    8. Schwarz O., Vacek S., Podrázský V., Ku J. (2007): Development of hoofed game stocks and damage caused by the game in the bilateral biosphere reserve Krkonoše/ Karkonosze. Opera Corcontica, 44: 441-452. (in Czech)
    9. Tesa V., Temmlová B. (1971): Tree foliation as criterion for health status evaluation of forest stands in air-pollution areas. Lesnictví, 17: 1017-1032. (in Czech)
    10. Tesa V., Andl P., Schwarz O., Vacek S. (1982): Knowledge of the air pollution impact on forest stands in the Krkonoše Mts. in the 1979 horizon. Opera Corcontica, 19: 79-94. (in Czech)
    11. Vacek S. (1981): Health condition and reduced fructification of autochthonous Norway spruce stands as a consequence of air pollution load in the area of the anemo-orographic system of Mumlava Brook. Opera Corcontica. 18: 89-103. (in Czech)
    12. Vacek S. (1983): Morphological variability of autochthonous Norway spruce populations in the Krkonoše Mts. Lesnictví, 29: 265-284. (in Czech)
    13. Vacek S. (1984): Ecological consequences of forest stand damage in the timberline area in the Krkonoše Mts. Opera Corcontica, 21: 157-165. (in Czech)
    14. Vacek S. (1986a): Dynamics of defoliation of protective forests exposed to air pollution in the Krkonoše Mts. Zprávy lesnického Výzkumu, 31: 4-7. (in Czech)
    15. Vacek S. (1986b): Texture and tree damage in protective Norway spruce stands exposed to air pollution stress. Práce VÚLHM. 69: 167-188. (in Czech)
    16. Vacek S. (1987): Structural changes of Norway spruce stands exposed to air pollution stress. Práce VÚLHM, 71: 155-192. (in Czech)
    17. Vacek S. (1988): Dynamics of the defoliation of beech forest stands under the influence of air pollution. In: Proccedings 3. IUFRO Buchensymposium. Zvolen, 3.-6. June 1988. Zvolen, VŠLD: 377-388. (in Czech)
    18. Vacek S. (1989): Dynamics of changes in spruce and beech stands under the influence of air pollution. Práce VÚLHM, 74: 239-276. (in Czech)
    19. Vacek S. (1990): Fructification of beech stands influenced by air pollution in the Krkonoše Mts. In: Major tasks for seed production and tree breeding for forest management in air-pollution areas. In: Proceedings of the 8th National Conference held in Špindlerův Mlýn. Špindlerův Mlýn, ČSAZ 145-151. (in Czech)
    20. Vacek S. (1992): Damage symptoms of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Opera Corcontica, 29: 183-189.
    21. Vacek S. (1993): Health state of beech stands in different air pollution environmental conditions. Opera Corcontica, 30: 21-51. (in Czech)
    22. Vacek S. (1995): Decline dynamics in mixed spruce - beech stands of the Krkonoše Mts. In: Matjka K. (ed.): Investigation of Forest Ecosystems and Forest Damage. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Opočno on April 25.-27. 1995. Praha, VULHM. 119-129. (in Czech)
    23. Vacek S. (2000): Structure, development and management of forest ecosystems in Krkonoše Mts. [DrSc. Thesis.] Opočno, Prague, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague: 684. (in Czech)
    24. Vacek S. (2001): Healthy state development of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Giant Mountains. Opera Corcontica, 37: Proceedings of the International Conference Geoecological problems of the Giant Mountains, Krkonoše National Park. Svoboda nad Úpou, 19.-21. September 2000. Vrchlabí, KRNAP Administration: 536-541. (in Czech)
    25. Vacek S., Jurásek A. (1985): Tree foliation as criterion for health status of beech stands in air-pollution areas. Lesnictví, 31: 579-600. (in Czech)
    26. Vacek S., Lepš J. (1987): Changes in the horizontal structure in a spruce forest over a 9-year period of pollutant exposure in the Krkonoše Mountains, Czechoslovakia. Forest Ecology and Management, 22: 291-295. Go to original source...
    27. Vacek S., Lepš J. (1991): The use of Leslie´s matrices for the prediction of development of spruce stands exposed to air pollution stress. Lesnictví, 37, 133-150. (in Czech)
    28. Vacek S., Lepš J. (1995): Dynamics of decline and horizontal structure of the autochthonous mountain Norway spruce stands. In: Tesa V. (ed.): Management of Forests Damaged by Air Pollution. Proceedings of the Workshop IUFRO.Trutnov, 5.-9. June, 1994. Prague, Ministry of Agriculture: 9-14.
    29. Vacek S., Lepš J. (1996): Spatial dynamics of forest decline: the role of neighbouring trees. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7: 789-798. Go to original source...
    30. Vacek S., Matjka K. (1999): State of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts. in years 1976-1997. Journal of Forest Science, 45: 291-315.
    31. Vacek S., Podrázský V. (1995): Development trends in forests of the Krkonoše Mts. under emission load. In: Flousek J., Roberts G.C.S. (eds): Mountain National Parks and Biosphere Reserves: Monitoring and Management. Proceedings of International Conference. Špindlerův Mlýn, Krkonoše National Park. Špindlerův Mlýn, 20.-23. September 1993. Vrchlabí, KRNAP Administration: 69-74.
    32. Vacek S., Podrázský V. (1999): Soil chemistry changes in the Krkonoše Mts during the last decade. In: Vanura K., Šrámek V. (eds): Effect of Global Climate Change on Boreal and Temperate Forests. Prague, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute: 85-88.
    33. Vacek S., Podrázský V. 2007: Healthy status development of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Giant Mts. Opera Corcontica, 44: 453-458. (in Czech)
    34. Vacek S., Lokvenc T., Balcar V., Henžlík V. (1994): Forest regeneration and stabilization in the Sudeten Mountain Region. In: Paschalis P., Zajaczkowski S. (eds): Protection of Forest Ecosystems. Selected problems of forestry in Sudety Mts. Warszawa, Biuro GEF: 93-119. (in Czech)
    35. Vacek S., Lepš J., Štefaník I., Cicák A. (1996): Precision of visual estimates of tree defoliation. Lesnictví, 43: 49-53.
    36. Vacek S., Bastl M., Lepš J. (1999): Vegetation changes in forests of the Krkonoše Mts. over a period of air pollution stress (1980-1995). Plant Ecology, 143: 1-11. Go to original source...
    37. Vacek S., Podrázský V., Mikeska M., Simon J. (2006): Forests and ecosystems on the tree line in the National Parks of the Giant Mts. Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Lesnická práce: 112. (in Czech)
    38. Vacek S., Matjka K., Simon J., Malík V., Podrázský V., Mikeska M. (2007): Health Status and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems under Air Pollution Stress in the Giant Mts. Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Lesnická práce: 216. (in Czech)
    39. Vacek S., Matjka K., Remeš J., Ulbrichová I., Simon J., Turáni M., Viewegh J., Bednaík J., Malík K., Malík V., Bílek L., Štícha V., Semelová V., Ešnerová J., Baláš M. 2009: Forest Ecosystems of the Bohemian Forest National Park. Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Lesnická práce: 512. (in Czech)
    40. Vacek S., Vacek Z., Schwarz O., Raj A,, Bílek L., Nosková I., Balcar Z., Zahradník D., Baláš M., Bednaík J., Mikeska M., Simon J., Minx T., Matjka K. 2010: Structure and Development of Forest Stands on Research Plots in the Krkonoše National Parks. Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Lesnická práce: 568. (in Czech)

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content