J. For. Sci., 2010, 56(10):429-441 | DOI: 10.17221/99/2009-JFS

Sulphur and nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation and throughfall in the mountain and highland spruce stands in the Czech Republic

I. Drápelová, L. Menšík, J. Kulhavý, I. Marková
Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

Concentrations and fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in bulk precipitation and in throughfall were evaluated and compared for two experimental sites in the Czech Republic: one situated at Rájec (Drahanská upland, 610 m a.s.l.) and the second one at Bílý Kříž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, 908 m a.s.l.) both with similar stands of young Norway spruce. The three-year study performed during 2006-2008, revealed statistically significant differences in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in bulk precipitations and in ammonium nitrogen concentrations both in bulk precipitation and in throughfall between the two sites. Higher nitrogen compounds concentrations in bulk precipitation were found at Rájec. Differences between the two sites in sulphur concentrations were not found out neither in bulk precipitation nor in throughfall waters. Total sulphur deposition amounted to 8.1, 8.3 and 6.7 kg S.ha-1 at Rájec and to 14.8, 16.9 and 15.4 kg S.ha-1 at Beskids for the three years studied, respectively. Total inorganic nitrogen throughfall flux amounted to 12.1, 11.6 and 11.6 at Rájec and 13.8, 18.9 and 15.0 kg.ha-1 at Bílý Kříž for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Keywords: Bílý Kříž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts.); Czech Republic; nitrogen deposition; rainfall; Rájec (Drahanská Highland); sulphur deposition; throughfall

Published: October 31, 2010  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Drápelová I, Menšík L, Kulhavý J, Marková I. Sulphur and nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation and throughfall in the mountain and highland spruce stands in the Czech Republic. J. For. Sci. 2010;56(10):429-441. doi: 10.17221/99/2009-JFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Andersson F., Persson T. (1988): Liming as a countermeasure against acidification in terrestrial environments. Acidification Research in Sweden, 7: 5-7.
    2. Aneja V. P., Roelle P. A., Murray G. C., Southerland J., Erisman J. W., Fowler D., Asman W.A.H., Patni N. (2001): Atmospheric nitrogen compounds II: Emissions, transport, transformation, deposition and assessment. Atmospheric Environment, 35: 1903-1911. Go to original source...
    3. Augusto L., Ranger J., Binkley D., Rothe A. (2002): Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility. Annals of Forest Science, 59: 233-253. Go to original source...
    4. Balestrini R., Tagliaferri A. (2001): Atmospheric deposition and canopy exchange processes in alpine forest ecosystems (northern Italy). Atmospheric Environment, 35: 6421-6433. Go to original source...
    5. Balestrini R., Arisci S., Brizzio M.C., Mosello R., Rogora, M., Tagliaferri A. (2007): Dry deposition of particles and canopy exchange: Comparison of wet, bulk and throughfall deposition at five forest sites in Italy. Atmospheric Environment, 41: 745-756. Go to original source...
    6. Barbier S., Gosselin F., Balandier P. (2008): Influence of tree species on understory vegetation diversity and mechanisms involved - A critical review for temperate and boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 254: 1-15. Go to original source...
    7. Beier C., Hansen K., Gundersen P. (1993): Spatial variability of throughfall fluxes in a spruce forest. Environmental Pollution, 81: 257-267. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Bélanger N., Paré D., Courchense F. (2004): Regression equations for estimating throughfall nutrient fluxes using wet deposition data and their applicability for simulating the soil acid-base status using the dynamic forest soil-atmosphere model SAFE. Ecological Modelling, 175: 151-167. Go to original source...
    9. Berger T.W., Untersteiner H., Schume H., Jost G. (2008): Throughfall fluxes in a secondary spruce (Picea abies), a beech (Fagus sylvatica) and a mixed spruce-beech stand. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 605-618. Go to original source...
    10. Block J., Bartels U. (1984): Ergebnisse der Schadstoffdepositionsmessungen in Waldökosystemen in den Messjahren 1981/82 und 1982/83. Forschung und Beratung, Reihe C, Heft 39. Münster, Landwirtschaftsverlag: 1-296. (in German)
    11. Boháová L., Buriánek V., Čapek M., Fabiánek P., Fadrhonsová V., Lachmanová Z., Lomský B., Šrámek V., Uhlíová H., Vortelová L. (2009): Forest Condition Monitoring in the Czech Republic. [Annual report ICP Forests/ Forest Focus 2006 and 2007.] Jíloviště-Strnady, VÚLHM: 134.
    12. Brown K.A. (1985): Acid deposition: Effects of sulphuric acid at pH 3 on chemical and biochemical properties of bracken litter. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 17: 31-38. Go to original source...
    13. Bussotti F., Ferretti, M. (1998): Air pollution, forest condition and forest decline in Southern Europe: an overview. Environmental Pollution, 101: 49-65. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Calanni J., Berg E., Wood M., Mangis D., Boyce R., Weatherrs W., Sievering H. (1999): Atmospheric nitrogen deposition at a conifer forest: response of free amino acids in Engelmann spruce needles. Environmental Pollution, 105: 79-89. Go to original source...
    15. Cape J.N., Sheppard L.J., Fowler D., Harrison A.F., Parkinson J.A., Dao P. (1992): Contribution of canopy leaching to sulphate deposition in a Scots pine forest. Environmental Pollution, 75: 229-236. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Chiwa M., Crossley A., Sheppard L.J., Sakugawa H., Cape J.N. (2004): Throughfall chemistry and canopy interactions in a Sitka spruce plantation sprayed with six different simulated polluted mist treatments. Environmental Pollution, 127: 57-64. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Cristiansen J.R., Elberling B., Jansson P. E. (2006): Modelling water balance and nitrate leaching in temperate Norway spruce and beech forests located on the same soil type with the CoupModel. Forest Ecology and Management, 237: 545-556. Go to original source...
    18. De Vries W., Reinds G.J., Van der Salm C., Draaijers G.P. J., Bleeker A., Erisman J.W., Auee J., Gundersen P., Kristensen H.L., Van Dobben H., De Zwart D., Derome J., Voogd J.C.H., Vel E.M. (2001): Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems in Europe. [Technical Report.] Brussel, Geneva, UN/ECE and EC, Forest Intensive Monitoring Coordinating Institute: 177.
    19. Dise N.B., Matzner E., Gundersen P. (1998): Synthesis of nitrogen pools and fluxes from European forest ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 105: 143-154. Go to original source...
    20. Draaijers G.P.J., Erisman J.W., Spranger T., Wyers G.P. (1996). The application of throughfall measurements for atmospheric deposition monitoring. Atmospheric Environment, 30: 3349-3361. Go to original source...
    21. Draaijers G.P.J., Erisman J.W., Van Leeuwen N.F.M., Römer F.G., De Winkel B.H., Veltkamp A.C., Vermeulen A.T., Wyers G.P. (1997): The impact of canopy exchange on differences observed between atmospheric deposition and throughfall fluxes. Atmospheric Environment, 31: 387-397. Go to original source...
    22. EKL (2005): Stickstoff haltige Luftschadstoffe in der Schweiz. StatusBericht der Eidgenössische Kommission für Lufthygiene EKL. Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 384. Bern, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft BUWAL: 168.
    23. Erisman J.W., Grennfelt P., Sutton M. (2003): The European perspective on nitrogen emission and deposition. Environmental International, 29: 311-325. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Erisman J.W., Bleeker A., Galloway J., Sutton M.S. (2007): Reduced nitrogen in ecology and the environment. Environmental Pollution, 150: 140-149. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Evers F.H., Hüttl R.F. (1990): A new fertilization strategy in declining forests. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 54: 495-508. Go to original source...
    26. Franzluebbers A.J., Zuberer D.A., Hons F.M. (1995): Comparison of microbiological methods for evaluating quality and fertility of soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 19: 135-140. Go to original source...
    27. Gorham E. (1989: Scientific understanding of ecosystem acidification - a historical review. AMBIO, 18: 150-154.
    28. Gundersen P., Schmidt I.K., Raulund-Rasmussen K. (2006): Leaching of nitrate from temperate forests - effect of air pollution and forest management. Environmental Reviews, 14: 1-57. Go to original source...
    29. Hadaš P. (2002): Temperature and precipitation conditions in the high elevation spruce stands of the Drahanská vrchovina upland. Ekológia, 21: 69-87.
    30. Hojjati S., Hagen-Thorn A., Lamersdorf N. (2009): Canopy composition as a measure to identify patterns of nutrient input in a mixed European beech and Norway spruce forest in central Europe. European Journal of Forest Research, 128: 13-25. Go to original source...
    31. Houle D., Ouimet R., Paquin R., Laflamme J.G. (1999): Interactions of atmospheric deposition with a mixed hardwood and a coniferous forest canopy at the Lake Clair Watershed (Duchesnay, Quebec). Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29: 1935-1943. Go to original source...
    32. Hruška J., Ciencala E. 2002: Long-Term Forest Soil Acidification and Nutrient Degradation-Limitation to Contemporary Forestry. Praha, MŽP: 159. (in Czech.)
    33. IUSS Working Group WRB (2006): World reference base for soil resources 2006. 2nd Ed. World Soil Resources Reports No. 103. Rome, FAO.
    34. Johnson D.W., Cresser M.S., Nilsson S.I., Turner J., Ulrich B., Binkley D., Cole D.W. (1991): Soil changes in forest ecosystems: Evidence for and probable causes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B - Biological Sciences, 97: 81-116. Go to original source...
    35. Klimo E., Kulhavý J., Vavíek D. 1996): Changes in the quality of precipitation water passing through a Norway spruce forest ecosystem in the agricultural-forest landscape of the Drahanská vrchovina uplands. Ekológia, 15: 295-306.
    36. Kopáek J., Veselý J. (2005): Sulfur and nitrogen emissions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1850 till 2000. Atmospheric Environment, 39: 2179-2188. Go to original source...
    37. Kopáek J., Turek J., Hejzlar J., Šantrková H. (2009): Canopy leaching of nutrients and metals in a mountain spruce forest. Atmospheric Environment, 43: 5443-5453. Go to original source...
    38. Kreutzer K. (1994): The influence of catchment processes in forests on the recovery in fresh waters. In: Steinberg C.E.W., Wright R.F. (eds): Acidification of Freshwater Ecosystems: Implications for the Future. New York, John Wiley: 325-344.
    39. Kulhavý J., Betušová M., Formánek P. 2001: A contribution to the knowledge of resilience of forest ecosystems at higher altitudes of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Ekológia, 20 (Supplement 1): 15-35.
    40. Kvaalen H., Solberg S., Clarke N., Torp T., Aamlid D. (2002): Time series study of concentrations of SO42- and H+ in precipitation and soil waters in Norway. Environmental Pollution, 117: 215-224. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Ladanai A., Agren G.I., Hyvönen R., Lundkvist H. (2007): Nitrogen budgets for Scots pine and Norway spruce ecosystems 12 and 7 years after the end of long-term fertilization. Forest Ecology and Management, 238: 130-140. Go to original source...
    42. Lovett G.M. (1992): Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling. In: Johnson D.W., Lindeberg S.E. (eds): Ecological Studies 91. Berlin, Springer-Verlag: 152-166.
    43. Malek S., Astel A. (2008): Throughfall chemistry in a spruce chronosequence in southern Poland. Environmental Pollution, 155: 517-527. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Majer V., Krám P., Shanley J.B. (2005): Rapid regional recovery from sulfate and nitrate pollution in streams of the western Czech Republic - comparison to other recovering areas. Environmental Pollution, 135: 17-28. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Markert B., Herpin U., Berlekamp J., Oehlmann J., Grodzinska K., Mankovska B., Suchara I., Siewers U., Weckert V., Lieth H. (1996): A comparison of heavy metal deposition in selected Eastern European countries using the moss monitoring method, with special emphasis on the 'Black Triangle'. Science of the Total Environment, 193: 85-100. Go to original source...
    46. Matson P., Lohse K.A., Hall S.J. (2002): The globalization of nitrogen deposition: consequence for terrestrial ecosystems. Ambio, 31: 113-119. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Menšík L., Fabiánek T., Tesa V., Kulhavý J. 2009: Humus conditions and stand characteristics of artificially established young stands in the process of the transformation of spruce monocultures. Journal of Forest Science, 55: 215-223. Go to original source...
    48. MŽP (2008): Report on the environment condition in the Czech Republic in 2007. Available at http://www.mzp.cz/C1257458002F0DC7/cz/news_ovzdusi_zustava_problemem/$FILE/Zprava_2007_komplet.pdf (accessed April 20, 2010) (in Czech)
    49. Neal C. (2002): Interception and attenuation of atmospheric pollution in a lowland ash forested site, Old Pond Close, Northamptonshire, UK. Science of the Total Environment, 282: 99-119. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Nmeek J., Mack J., Vokoun J., Vavíek D., Novák P. (2001: Taxonomic classification system of soils of the Czech Republic. Praha, ČZU: 79. (in Czech)
    51. Niehus B., Brüggemann L. (1995): Untersuchungen zur Deposition Luftgetragener Stoffe in der Dübener Heide. Beitrage für die Forstwirtschaft und Landachafttokolgie, 29: 160-163.
    52. Nilsson L.O., Wiklund K. (1995): Indirect effects of N and S deposition on a Norway spruce ecosystem. An update of findings within the Skogaby project. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85: 1613-1622. Go to original source...
    53. Percy K.E., Ferretti M. (2004): Air pollution and forest health: toward new monitoring concept. Environmental Pollution, 130: 113-126. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. Piirainen S., Finer L., Starr M. (1998): Canopy and soil retention of nitrogen deposition in a mixed boreal forest in Eastern Finland. Water Air Soil Pollution, 105: 165-174. Go to original source...
    55. Plíva K. (1987): Typological classification system "ÚHUL". Brandýs nad Labem, ÚHUL: 52. (in Czech)
    56. Postel S. (1986): Worldwatch Paper 71: Altering the Earth's Chemistry: Assessing the Risks. Washington, Worldwatch Institute: 66.
    57. Quitt E. (1971): Climatic regions of Czechoslovakia. Academia, Studia Geographica 16, Brno, GÚ ČSAV: 73. (in Czech)
    58. Saxena V.K., Lin N.H. (1990): Cloud chemistry measurements and estimates of acidic deposition on an above cloudbase coniferous forest. Atmospheric Environment, Part A, General Topics, 24: 329-352. Go to original source...
    59. Seinfeld J.H., Pandis S.N. (1998): Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics from Air Pollution to Climate Change. New York, John Wiley: 1326. Go to original source...
    60. Shachnovich Y., Berliner P.R., Bar P. (2008): Rainfall interception and spatial distribution of throughfall in a pine forest planted in an arid zone. Journal of Hydrology, 349: 168-177. Go to original source...
    61. Schulze E. D., Lange O. L., Oren R. (1989): Forest decline and air pollution. A study of spruce (Picea abies) on acid soils. Ecological Studies 77. Berlin, Springer-Verlag: 475. Go to original source...
    62. Skybova M. (2006): Chemical composition of fog/cloud and rain water in the Beskydy mountains-Czech Republic. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15: 448-451
    63. Solberg S., Tørseth K. (1997): Crown condition of Norway spruce in relation to sulphur and nitrogen deposition and soil properties in southeast Norway. Environmental Pollution, 96: 19-27. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    64. Solberg S., Andreassen K., Clarke N., Tørseth K., Tveito O.E., Strand G.H., Tomter S. (2004): The possible influence of nitrogen and acid deposition on forest growth in Norway. Forest Ecology and Management, 192: 241-249. Go to original source...
    65. Staelens J., Houle D., Schrijver A., Neirynck, J., Verheyen K. (2008): Calculating dry deposition and canopy exchange with the canopy budget model: Review of assumptions and application to two deciduous forests. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 191: 149-169. Go to original source...
    66. StatSoft Inc. (2008): Statistica 9.0. Available at www. statsoft. cz (accessed July 7, 2009)
    67. Tesa M., Šír M., Fottová D. 2002: Occult precipitation as an important input into the mountainous catchments of the Czech Republic. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Small Catchment Hydrology: Monitoring and Research. Demänovská dolina, September 23.-25. 2002. Paris, IHP UNESCO: 222-225.
    68. Thimonier A., Schmitt M., Waldner P., Rihm B. (2005): Atmospheric deposition on Swiss long-term forest ecosystem research (LWF) plots. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 104, 81-118. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    69. Tolasz R. Brázdil R., Bulí O., Dobrovolný P., Dubrovský M., Hájková L., Halásová O., Hostýnek J., Janouch M., Kohut M., Krška K.,Kivancová S., Kvto V., Lepka Z., Lipina P., Macková J., Metelka L., Míková T., Mrkvica Z., Možný M., Neková J., Nmec L., Pokorný J., Reitschläger J.D., Richterová D., Rožnovský J., Řepka M., Semerádová D., Sosna V., Stíž M., Šercl P., Škáchová H., Štpánek P., Štpánková P., Trnka M., Valeriánová A., Valter J., Vaníek K., Vavruška F., Voženílek V., Vráblík T., Vysoudil M., Zahradníek J., Zusková I., Žák M., Žalud Z. (2007): Climate Atlas of Czechia. Praha, Olomouc, CHMU, UP: 256. (in Czech)
    70. Uchmanski J., Kidawa A., Mienszutkin V. 1995: Statistical analysis of data describing ecosystems of the Giant Mts. In: Fischer Z. (ed.): Ecological Problems of the Alpine Part of the Giant Mts. IE PAN. Dziekanow Lesny: 323-343. (in Polish)
    71. Ukonmaanaho L., Starr M. (2002): Major nutrients and acidity: budgets and trends at four remote boreal stands in Finland during the 1990s. Science of the Total Environment, 297: 21-41. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    72. Ulrich B. (1991): Folgerungen aus 10 Jahren Waldökosystem und Waldschadensforschung. Forst und Holz, 46: 3-12.
    73. UN-ECE (2006): International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests. Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Part VI: Sampling and Analysis of Deposition. Available at http://www.icp-forests.org/pdf/Chapt6_compl2006.pdf (accessed September 7, 2009)
    74. Wesely M.L., Hicks B.B. (2000): A review of the current status of knowledge on dry deposition. Atmospheric Environment, 34: 2261-2282. Go to original source...
    75. Whelan M.J., Sanger L.J., Baker M., Anderson J.M. (1998): Spatial patterns of throughfall and mineral ion deposition in a lowland Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation at the plot scale. Atmospheric Environment, 32: 3493-3501. Go to original source...
    76. Yoshida S., Ichikuni M. (1989): Role of forest canopies in the collection and neutralization of airborne acid substance. Science of the Total Environment, 84: 35-43. Go to original source...
    77. Zimmermann L., Fruhauf C., Bernhofer C. (1999): The role of interception in the water budget of spruce stands in the Eastern Ore Mountains/Germany. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology Oceans and Atmosphere, 24: 809-812. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content