J. For. Sci., 2004, 50(5):237-242 | DOI: 10.17221/4620-JFS

Changes in cold hardiness of silver fir and larch bare-rooted seedlings during autumn and spring

M. Sarvaš
Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic

The objective of this study was to obtain information about changes in cold hardiness of larch and silver fir seedlings during autumn and spring by help of measurements of electrolyte leakage from shoots (SEL) and root system (REL). The values of electrolyte leakage from the untreated (control) root system of silver fir decreased during autumn (from 28% on September 25 to 24% on November 27). Minimum values were reached on March 26. A decrease in electrolyte leakage was found for silver fir shoots (SEL) (the maximum was detected on October 2 - 12% and minimum on November 27 - 7%). Contrary to REL, SEL increased in March. The rate of electrolyte leakage from treated (after artificial frost) roots and shoots decreased during autumn (REL and SEL minimum on November 27). The change in the rate of electrolyte leakage from untreated larch roots was similar to that from silver fir roots during autumn. The values continually decreased from 26% (on September 25) to 12% (on November 27). The course of electrolyte leakage from the treated root system was similar for both species. The differences between electrolyte leakage from larch shoots (treated und untreated ones) were statistically significant, but without any clear tendency during autumn.

Keywords: cold hardiness; electrolyte leakage; larch and silver fir bare-rooted seedlings

Published: May 31, 2004  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sarvaš M. Changes in cold hardiness of silver fir and larch bare-rooted seedlings during autumn and spring. J. For. Sci. 2004;50(5):237-242. doi: 10.17221/4620-JFS.
Download citation

References

  1. BIGRAS F.J., D'AOUST A.L., 1993. Influence of photoperiod on shoot and root frost tolerance and bud phenology of white spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res., 23: 219-228. Go to original source...
  2. BURKE M.J., GUSTA L.V., QUAMME H.A., LI P.H., 1976. Freezing and injury in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 27: 507-528. Go to original source...
  3. BURR K.E., 1990. The Target Seedling Concepts: Bud Dormancy and Cold Hardiness. USDA Forest Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-200: 79-90.
  4. COLOMBO S.J., 1997. Frost hardening spruce container stock for overwintering in Ontario. New Forests, 13: 449-467. Go to original source...
  5. COLOMBO S.J., NOLAND T.L., 1997. Making the grade. In: O'REILLY C., HARPER C.P., McCARTHY N., KEANE M., 2001. Seasonal changes in physiological status, cold storage tolerance and field performance of hybrid larch seedlings in Ireland. Forestry, 74: 407-421. Go to original source...
  6. DUNSWORTH G.B., 1997. Plant quality assessment: an industrial perspective. New Forests, 13: 43-48. Go to original source...
  7. FOLK R.S., GROSSNICKLE C., 1997. Stock quality assessment: Still an important component of operational reforestation programs. In: LANDIS T.D., THOMPSON J.R. (eds.), National Proc. Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-419. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 109-119.
  8. GLERUM C., 1973. Annual trends in frost hardiness and electrical impedance for seven coniferous species. Can. J. Plant Sci., 53: 881-889. Go to original source...
  9. GLERUM C., 1985. Frost hardiness of coniferous seedlings: principles and applications. In: DURYEA M.L. (eds.), Evaluating Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Test. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis: 107-123.
  10. HAWKINS C.D.B., DRAPER D.A., 1991. Effect of blackout on blackout on British Columbia spruce seedlots at Red Rock Research Station. Canada-British Columbia FRDA Res. Rep.: 170
  11. JUNTILLA O., 1989. Physiological responses to low temperature. Ann. Sci. For., 46: 604-614. Go to original source...
  12. LANDIS T.D., TINUS R.W., McDONALD S.E., BARNETT J.P., 1989. Seedlings nutrition and irrigation. The container tree nursery manual. Agric. Handbk. 674. Washington, DC, USDA Forest Service: 119.
  13. LANDIS T.D., TINUS R.W., McDONALD S.E., BARNETT J.P., 1992. Atmospheric environment. The container tree nursery manual. Agric. Handbk. 674. Washington, DC, USDA Forest Service: 145.
  14. LARCHER W., 1985. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten. 5 Teil. Die nichtparasitären Krankheiten. In: LYR H., FIEDLER J.H., TRANQUILLINI W. (eds.), Physiologie und Ökologie der Gehölze. Jena, Gustav Fischer Verlag 1992: 279-306.
  15. LAVENDER D.P., 1984. Plant physiology and the nursery environment: interactions affecting seedlings growth. In: DUREEA M.L., LANDIS T.D. (eds.), Forest Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings. The Hague, Boston, Lancaster, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr. W. Junk Publ.: 133-141. Go to original source...
  16. LUORANEN J., RIKALA J., 1997. Growth regulation on cold hardening if silver birch seedlings with short-day treatment. Tree Planter's Notes, 48: 65-71.
  17. O'REILLY C., McCARTHY N., KEANE M., HARPER C.P., 2000. Proposed dates for lifting Sitka spruce planting stock for fresh planting or cold storage, based on physiological indicators. New Forest, 19: 117-141. Go to original source...
  18. O'REILLY C., HARPER C.P., McCARTHY N., KEANE M., 2001. Seasonal changes in physiological status, cold storage tolerance and field performance of hybrid larch seedlings in Ireland. Forestry, 74: 407-421. Go to original source...
  19. MARTINCOVÁ J., 1990. Určování fyziologické kvality sazenic. [Závěrečná zpráva.] VÚLHM Jíloviště-Strnady, VS Opočno: 155.
  20. MATTSSON A., LASHEIKKI M., 1998. Root growth in Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledab.) seedlings: seasonal variations and effects of various growing regimes, prolonged cold storage and soil temperatures. In: BOX J. Jr. (ed.), Root demographics and efficiencies in sustainable agriculture, grasslands and forest ecosystems. Dordrecht, Kluwer: 77-87. Go to original source...
  21. McKAY H.M., 1992. Electrolyte leakage from fine roots of conifer seedlings: a rapid index of plant vitality following cold storage. Can. J. For. Res., 22: 1371-1377. Go to original source...
  22. REPO T., PELKONNEN P., 1986. Temperature step response of dehardining in Pinus sylvestris seedlings. Scand. J. For. Res., 14: 271-284. Go to original source...
  23. RITCHIE G.A., 1989. Integrated growing schedules for achieving physiological uniformity in coniferous planting stock. Forestry, 62: 213-228.
  24. SARVAŠ M., 2001. Priebeh zmeny v odolnosti na mráz pri smrekovom sadbovom materiáli v jesennom období. In: SLODIČÁK M., NOVÁK J. (ed.), Současné otázky pěstování horských lesů. Opočno, 13.-14. 9. 2001: 103-114.
  25. SARVAŠ M., 2002. Determination of effects of desiccation and frost stresses on the physiological quality of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seedlings by measurement of electrolyte leakage from the root system. J. For. Sci., 48: 366-371. Go to original source...
  26. SARVAŠ M., 2003. Change of cold hardiness in bare-rooted Norway spruce planting stock during autumn and its effect on survival. J. For. Sci., 49: 113-139. Go to original source...
  27. STEPONKUS P.L., 1984. Role of the plasmamembrane in freezing injury and cold acclimation. Ann. Rew. Plant Physiol., 35: 543-584. Go to original source...
  28. TIMMIS R., 1977. Critical frost temperature for Douglas fir cone buds. Can. J. For. Res., 7: 19-22. Go to original source...
  29. TINUS R.W., BURR K.E., 1997. Cold hardiness measurement to time fall lifting. In: LANDIS T.D., THOMPSON J.R. (eds.), National Proc. Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-419. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Nortwest Research Station: 17-22.
  30. ZHAO S., COLOMBO S.J., BLUMWALD E., 1995. The induction of freezing tolerance in jack pine seedlings: the role of root plasma H+-ATPase and redox activities. Physiol. Plant., 93: 55-60. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.